please help clearly with this Animal physiology question. thank you, Question: M

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please help clearly with this Animal physiology question. thank you,

Question: Many different molecules need to pass in and out of a cell across the cell membrane and from the outside of the body to the inside. Some of these molecules are hydrophobic and some are hydrophilic. Define these two terms and explain why they differ in their ability to pass through cell membranes. What part of a cell membrane makes it so tricky for some molecules to get through? How do these two types of molecules pass through cell membranes ?

Explanation / Answer

Hydrophobic means molecules which resist water that mean they aggregate in water.for example- nonpolar compounds

Hydrophilic means molecules having affinity for water that is they form hydrogen or ionic bond with water.

Cell membrane has protein embedded in lipid bilayer.It is the lipid layer which hinders entry of some molecules.

Molecules which are lipophilic or lipid soluble easily cross the membrane whereas lipophobic or lipid insoluble substances are not passed through this lipid bilayer.

Now,hydrophobic and some small polar molecules can pass through this lipid bilayer by diffusion, but large polar molecules and ions passes through the integral proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer by active or passive diffusion process.

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