1. Active immunizations involve the exposure of a person to a pathogen whose vir
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Question
1. Active immunizations involve the exposure of a person to a pathogen whose virulence has been reduced withot altering its antigenicity. How do you think thi smight be accomplished? What are the benefits and dangers of this procedure?
2. Passive immunizations involve injecting a person exposed to a pathogen with serum containig antibodies, called antiserum or antitoxin. Antiserum is developed by injecting an animal with pathogen. What happens in that animal? What are the benefits and shortcomings of passuce immunization compared to active immunization?
3. Suppose 150 white blood cells are counted in a hermocytometer. What is the wbc count per cunic millimeter of blood?
4. Suppose in the differential white blood cell count, a total of 86 wbc are counted, including 50 neutrophils and 30 lymphocytes. What is the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes in this blood sample?
Explanation / Answer
Question 1
When an antigen enters, the immune system activates and it would kill the pathogenic organism or prevent it from multiplying. The virulence of an organism depends on the bacterial agent ability to enter and multiply in the host cell. The pathogenic organisms are killed by exposing to ionizing radiation or to hypertonic solutions.
On exposure to a pathogen with reduced or no virulence has the similar antigenicity as matured virulent pathogen and thus allows immune system become sensitized to those antigens. The entry of such antigens, into the host, stimulates the immune system and gives a protection against any subsequent exposure to that pathogen.
The dangers of this procedure are all pathogens are won’t die and the administration of active immunization to individuals may introduce live pathogens, causing illness.
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