1- Intracellular calcium is removed from muscle cells after contraction by volta

Question

1- Intracellular calcium is removed from muscle cells after contraction by   

voltage-gated sodium channels

ryanodine receptors

active transport

diffusion

.....

2- In blood clotting, vitamin K is necessary for

Synthesizing clotting factors

Activating the intrinsic pathway

Activating thrombin

Generating fibrinogen

......

3-In olfaction, after an odorant binds to the G-protein coupled receptor, _______________are stimulated to depolarize the membrane.

calcium channels

gustducins

sodium channels

hair cells

…..

4-Waste products that come into the bile canaliculi are secreted from

Kupffer cells

Hepatocytes

Chief cells

Sinusoids

5-Taste buds are the papillae of the tongue.T/F

…

6-In a developed fetus, blood cells are formed by

Yolk sac, red bone marrow, mesenchyme

Adipocytes, lymph nodes, reticular cells

Liver, spleen, thymus

None of the above

7-Endolymph in the ear contains __________________, which is responsible for depolarizing the membrane of the receptor cells.

sodium

spinal fluid

calcium

potassium

……….

8- The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is

oxygen

NADH

carbon dioxide

glucose

......

9- In red blood cell recycling, the non-iron portion of heme

Stimulates erythropoiesis

Is broken down into amino acids

Binds transferrin

Becomes a waste product

Explanation / Answer

1. Active transport: calcium pumps use ATP to pump the calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

2. Synthesising clotting factors, Vitamin K is necessary for the post translational.modification of .clotting factors

3. Sodium channels: after the GPCR bind to a ligand, they stimulate adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP that activates sodium channels

4. Kuppfer cells: these are phagocytic cells of the liver that kill bacteria and Lyse the rbcs to produce billurubin from Hemoglobin as a waste that is secreted into the bile

5. False. Filliform papillae aren't taste buds

6. Yolk sac is the first site of blood formation in a developing embryo

8. Oxygen. Oxygen in etc gets reduced to water

9. Is broken down into amino acids. The non heme part is the globin chain which are formed of amino acids.

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