You are walking through a shopping centre and notice a man in his sixties walkin
ID: 3518138 • Letter: Y
Question
You are walking through a shopping centre and notice a man in his sixties walking slowly and carrying an oxygen cylinder on a trolley with a plastic tube to his nose. He sits down as he is clearly out of breath and you hear him telling someone he has emphysema. a) What is emphysema? What is the major cause of emphysema? b) What happens to the lung of smokers? c) By using the diffusion equation, explain why this person is short of breath. (1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) 1 mark) d) In terms of lung volumes, what is a major hallmark of emphysema? e) Why does emphysema belong to the family of obstructive pulmonary diseases? f Why do patients with emphysema carry an oxygen cylinder around with them?Explanation / Answer
a.Emphysema is a long term progressive disease of the lungs causing shortness of breath because of over inflation of alveoli that is air sacs in the lungs .People having emphysema has impaired or destroyed lung tissue. Emphysema is included in a group of disease called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. In epysema airflow is slowed or stopped because alveoli get over inflated.
it's most prominent or primary cause is cigarette smoking .Genetic deficiency of Alpha 1 antitrypsin. it increases effect of elastase.
b.Smoking affects lungs very badly .Destruction starts from coughs colds wheezing and asthma they are just the start .
smoking causes fatal disease such as pneumonia emphysema and lung cancer .
84% of deaths from lung cancers are caused due to smoking and 83% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
c.smokers have shortness of breath because of demaged lungs .Alveoli gets over inflated..the concentration of air inside the air sacs is lower because of demaged tissue so air rushes inside air sacs which are over inflated. so these people experience shortness of breath.
e.Obstructive pulmonary disease is a general term that includes emphysema chronic bronchitis and asthma. so it's a type of obstructive pulmonary disease .in both situations poor air flow is experienced resulting in break down of lung tissue.
D.Dyspnea , Shortness of breath is the hallmark of emphysema .
f.Patients with emphysema carry oxygen cylinders with them because they suffer from hypoxaemia.These patients carry oxygen cylinders with them because the oxygen capacity of lungs is reduced because of demaged lung tissue .so they get more oxygen from these cylinders .
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