7)Select the correct answer a)A stroke happens only when all major arteries to t
ID: 3518430 • Letter: 7
Question
7)Select the correct answer
a)A stroke happens only when all major arteries to the brain are blocked
b)The brain receives ~1 L blood/minute
c)A normal human has ~10 L of blood
d)The brain is supplied by 5 major arteries
12)Which of these is NOT true regarding Rheumatoid Arthritis treatment?
a)NSAIDs inhibit T cell activity
b)Biologic drugs are synthesized (produced) by living cells
c)DMARDs are the first choice to alleviate symptoms in RA
d)DMARDs decrease T cell activity, thus reduce inflammation
13)Which of the following regions is not examined by a doctor during lung auscultation (with a stethoscope)?
a)Middle Right Lobe
b)Upper Right Lobe
c)Lower Left Lobe
d)None of the above
14)Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Hip Fractures?
a)Gait instability
b)Polypharmacy
c)Exercising
d)Environmental hazards
a)Gait instability
b)Polypharmacy
c)Exercising
d)Environmental hazards
Explanation / Answer
11. Answer is option b.
The normal blood flow to the brain is about 50-65 ml per 100 gms of brain tissue per minute. This amounts to around 750-900 ml (around 1 litre) of blood per minute for the entire brain. The brain is supplied by 3 major arteries (not 5) and blockage of any one artery (not all major arteries) or its tributaries can cause loss of neurological function or stroke. The human body has approximately 4.8- 5.5 litres of blood and not 10 litres as mentioned.
12. Answer is option a.
NSAIDS or Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs, as the name suggests, act by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes and not by inhibiting T cell activity. DMARDs or Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatoid drugs act by inhibiting T-cell activity and are the first line of drugs used in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis. Biologic drugs are synthesized by living cells.
13. Answer is option d.
The right and left upper and lower lobes can be auscultated in front of the chest and on the back. The right middle lobe can be auscultated in the region of the right axilla. So, technically all the lung lobes can be auscultated with a stethoscope.
14. Answer is option c.
Hip fractures are most commonly caused due to falls which occur as a result of osteoporosis. Exercising helps reduce osteoporosis and increases balance, muscle strength and endurance. Polypharmacy or the use of multiple medication drugs is common in elderly patients and indirectly leads to higher risk of hip fractures. Gait instability results in loss of balance and frequent falls which is the reason for hip fractures. Diverse environmental hazards can cause increase in falls and hence increase in risk of hip fractures.
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