1. In the background section the authors wrote “Specifically, electrocardiograph
ID: 3518755 • Letter: 1
Question
1. In the background section the authors wrote “Specifically, electrocardiographic recordings in previous devices were limited to less than 30 minutes and 30 episodes. Once reaching that limit, older episodes were over-written by new ones.” Later in the background section the authors wrote “Importantly, bears can defend themselves and their offspring through their maintenance of muscle strength and their capability of rousing from hibernation within seconds. Black bears commonly elicit defensive posturing and high respiratory rates within seconds of being disturbed, with their hearts transiting from the quiescent state of hibernation, to supporting bursts of activity.” Based on the fact of them rousing from hibernation and posturing within seconds, what is wrong with the electrocardiographic recordings being limited to less than 30 minutes? Aren’t seconds less than minutes? (1 point)
A.)
2. In the methods section the authors wrote “Average ventricular heart rates, heart rate variability, and activity were automatically plotted and stored on the website. The website also immediately alerted us to significant changes to any of these parameters.” Why would heart rates and activity change if they were hibernating? (1 point)
3. In the results and discussion section the authors wrote “Heart rate patterns exhibiting an extreme respiratory sinus arrhythmia were elicited by all animals with regular sinus pauses (asystoles).” What kind of impaired cardiac output was mentioned in the article that none of the bears experienced? (1 point)
4. Was there a difference between females that denned with yearlings and females that were pregnant and gave birth in terms of their cardiac outputs? (1 point)
5. If you answered yes for question 4, what was the difference? If you answered no for question 4, what stayed the same? (1 point)
6. In the results and discussion section the authors wrote “Data transmissions were received from 4 of the 6 systems over the winter months (Table 1).” If this is the case, why are there 5 panels in Fig. 5? (1 point)
7. What total sample size did the authors end with? (1 point)
8. How do you know that your answer to question 7 is correct? (1 point)
9. How many replicate pregnant females did the authors start with? (1 point)
10. How many replicate females with yearlings did the authors start with? (1 point)
11. How many replicate males did the authors start with? (1 point)
*** Reference***
https://bmcphysiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12899-014-0013-1
Explanation / Answer
1. Generally the red blood cells take less than a minute to travel from heart to capillaries and back again. So the recordings are perfect .
2. During hibernating, the heart rate slows drastically from around 84 beats per minute.This is because if the change in metabolic rates which depends on physiological conditions like body temperature, heart rate and muscle activity.
3. The insertable cardiac monitoring system is used to record ECG indicated for use in arrhythmias.
4. Yes, there is the difference.
5. In denning females thereis a sharp decline in heart rate and drop in activity due to physiological conditions. Changes in mild winter activity were not observed in female yearlings.
6. This is because the acquisition of data increased frim a maximum of 30 episodes with ECGs in prior generation of ICM to upto 131 episodes with ECGs plus 517 additional samples of ECGs.
7. The total sample size at the end was recorded as 137 ranging from 4.5 to 5 seconds.
8. As it is obtained from the table of samples.
9. He started with 3 pregnant females.
10. He started with 2 yearling females.
11. He started with 1 male.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.