s which best explains why a runner warms up before the big race? 15. A. A muscle
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s which best explains why a runner warms up before the big race? 15. A. A muscle twitch. B. Incomplete tetanus E. Wave summation D. Treppe. C. Complete tetanus. 16. Which is CORRECT about skeletal muscle tissue? A. Muscle tone is due to voluntary muscle reflexes. B. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a modified rough endoplasmic reticulum. C. The sarolemma is also known as the basal lamina found in other tissues. D. The transverse tubules are invaginations of the sarcoplasmic reticulum E. None of the above. 17. Which best describes the type of contraction used to lift a book? A. Eccentric isotonic. B. Concentric isotonic. E. None of the above. C. Eccentric isometric. D. Concentric isometric. 18. Which is CORRECT about anaerobic respiration? A. It begins with the breakdown of lactic acid. B. It occurs in the mitochondria. D. It requires oxygen. C. It produces a net of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. E. None of the above. 19. Which is FALSE about aerobic cellular respiration? A. It occurs in the cytoplasm. C. It may involve glucose, lipids and amino acids. E. It produces 32 ATPs per molecule of glucose. B. It begins with pyruvic acid. D. CO2 and H2O are produced. 20. Which form of ATP is used LAST during SHORT TERM exercise? B. ATP formed from creatine phosphate and ADP A. ATP stored in muscle. C. Glycogen stored in muscle is broken down to glucose which is converted to ATP. D. ATP is generated by breakdown of several nutrient fuels by aerobic pathways E. None of the above 21. Which will DECREASE contractile force? B. Larger muscle fiber cy of stimulation. D. All of the above. . None of the above. A. Larger number of muscle fibers activated.Explanation / Answer
15] Option [b] incomplete tetanus
It consists of high frequency sequence of individual stimulations of a neuron . It helps in potentiation of the muscle fiber as it has been stimulatedby multiple impulses at a very fast rate. This prepares the muscles for the high muscular activity involved in the race
16] Option [ a] muscle tone is due to voluntary muscle reflexes
It is achieved by the continuous and passive, partial contraction of the muscles during resting state. Both the extensor and flexor muscles are involved in the maintenance of a constant tone while at rest. In skeletal muscle this helps to maintain a normal posture.
17] Option [ b] concentric isotonic
Isotonic contractions generate force by changing the length of the muscle . In concentric isotonic contraction, the muscles shorten and generate a force which is used to lift up weight.
18] Option [ c] it produces a net of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.
The glucose molecule is broken into two molecules of pyruvate in the cytoplasm. This process is known as glycolysis. In the different steps of this process, 2 ATP molecules are used and 4 ATP molecules are generated. So, there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
It does not require oxygen and occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
19] Option [ a] it occurs in the cytoplasm
This process occurs in the mitochondria. After glycolysis, the pyuruvic acid enter the mitochondrion, where, in the presence of oxygen , a complete breakdown of pyruvate occurs to form CO2 and H2O with the release of energy in the form of ATP.
20] Option [a] ATP stored in the muscles.
If the exercise is for a short while, the ATP stored in the muscles can provide sufficient energy. During vigorous or long term exercises, the muscles will need more energy and then the ATP required is fulfilled by the other sources.
21] Option [c] lower frequency of stimulation
As the intensity and frequency of nerve impulse will decrease , so will the activation of the muscle fiber.
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