1. What are the three major functional divisions of the hypothalamus, and what d
ID: 3519577 • Letter: 1
Question
1. What are the three major functional divisions of the hypothalamus, and what does each regulate? What are three separate functions served by the paraventricular nucleus (contained in both the periventricular and middle zones)? What is the function of the parvocellular and magnocellular divisions?
2.What is the function of each of the three components of the amygdaloid complex?
3. How does each of the major neurotransmitter systems link (functionally) with the limbic system?
4. How does each component of the limbic system affect behavior?
Explanation / Answer
The connection between the nervous and endocrine system is the hypothalamus which is a small structure in the brain that has both nervous system function and endocrine function. As it has been already discussed that the hypothalamus secretes the hormones that inturn causes the secretion of hormones feom the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis of the pituitary. The hormones then reach the target organ and exert the biological effect. For example, Corticotropin releasing hormone is released from the hypothalamus and works on adenohypphysis to cause the release of Adrenocorticotropic hormone from the adenohypophysis of the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone again causes the release of mineralocorticoids from thr adrenal ccortex. The principlemineralocorticoid is the aldosterone which is a steroid hormone and is released by the gona glomerulosa cells. This hormones primaryly act on the mineral level of blood. As the sodium and potassium level in blood is important for the maintainance of blood volume and blood pressure. So when blood volume and blood pressure is risedthen the nervous syetem chemoreceptors and the pressure receptors of the blood vessels sends the signal to the brain in form of nerve action potential to cause release of these hormones from the adrenal gland. The brain first instruct the hypothalamus to releasethe corticotropin releasing hormone and this hormone cayses the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary and then this hormone causes the release of mineralocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. When mineralo corticoids controls blood pressure and blood volume by mineral elimination through urine then the pressure receptors of the bolood vessel stops sending the signal to thebrain and the hormone release from thr hypothalamus is ceased and this is one example of the various connections between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
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