When astronauts travel in space, they experience conditions of microgravity. Thi
ID: 3520571 • Letter: W
Question
When astronauts travel in space, they experience conditions of microgravity. This causes an upward shift in the distribution of body fluids, with more blood in the upper part of the body than normal compared to the legs since gravity opposition is very low. The shift is so dramatic that astronauts are said to have "chicken legs" when they are in space. (12 pts) 1. Where are the sensors located that detect changes in mean arterial pressure? a. How is distribution of blood under conditions of microgravity different from that under normal gravity? b. What signal does this redistribution of blood flow send to the sensors that detect changes in mean arterial pressure? c. What are two distinct responses of the cardiovascular system to an increase in mean arterial pressure? d. What is the response of the kidneys to an increase in mean arterial pressure? e. Upon returning to normal gravity, will astronauts have higher than normal fluid volume, normal fluid volume, or lower than normal fluid volume? Hint: think about the response of the kidneys to a PERCEIVED change in overall fluid volume. f.Explanation / Answer
A. Baroreceptors are the srnsors which detect the changes in blood pressure and send signal to brain to control blood pressure.
B. Gravity lower the pressure exerted by blood but under conditions of lower gravity called microgravity like in rockets etcegravuty is decreased and blood pressure rises.
C. Blood pressure rises in the arteries is detected by baroreceptors and signal is processed to brain where signal is produced to form hormones for blood pressure control.
D. In response to increased blood pressure vessels are dilated to accommodate the increased blood pressure and also enzyme renin-angiostenin-aldosterone is released to control blood pressure.
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