P.M., aged 4 years, has returned to the family doctor because of a recurrent sor
ID: 3522259 • Letter: P
Question
P.M., aged 4 years, has returned to the family doctor because of a recurrent sore throat and cough. Her mother mentions unusual listlessness and anorexia. The physician notices several bruises on her legs and arms and one on her back. The doctor orders blood tests and a course of antibacterial drugs. Test results indicate a low hemoglobin level, thrombocytopenia, and a high lymphocyte count, with abnormally high numbers of blast cells. Following a bone marrow aspiration, a diagnosis of ALL is confirmed.
1. Describe pathophysiological of all.
2. state the rationale for each of P.M's signs.
3.Explain the significance of blast cells in the peripheral blood.
4. Describe the effects of hypermetabolism in leukemia.
5. Explain how chemotherapy aggravates the effects of leukemia.
6. describe the possible effects if leukemia cells infiltrate the brain.
7. Describe the pain associated with leukemia and explain the reason for it
Explanation / Answer
ANSWER 2 : Bone marrow aspiration cytology is a pathological test that is done for the clear detection of cancer related to bone marrow as blood cancer (luekemia) and Bone cancer. The diagnosis of this disease could be on the basis of RBCs production and maturation levels of erythrocytes (RBCs) in the bone marrow.
ANSWER 2 : All the signs, appeared on the body of P.M.and some diagnosed by bood tests are rationalised below : (a) Recurrent sore throat and cough may be a sign of paticular type of cancer or chronic infection.
(b) medical doctor has found some bruises on his legs and back indicates that is caused due to decreased count of blood platelets (thrombocytopenia). (c) Low level of haemoglobin is produced due to anorexia (deficiency of oxygen in tissues) (d) High number of lymphicytes (WBCs) indicates a sign of leukemia.
ANSWER 3 : Peripheral blast cell or the cells producing in the bone marrow are assist in the diagnosing the acute leukemia. 30% or more than mature (nucleated) blast cells in the peripheral blood indicate acute leukemia.
ANSWER 4 : An increased metabolism or hypermetabolism has seveal side effects but in the case of leukemia it deprives the other cells to growing normally because abnormal cells that increasing fastly in the blood and elsewhere in body and for do it they take a lots of nutrients and oxygen and other factors that necessarily should be meet to other healthy cells to survive. So in leukemia the person feels fatigueness, weakness, and loss of appetite.
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