QUESTION 4 2 points Save Answer The graph below was constructed using the class

Question

QUESTION 4 2 points Save Answer The graph below was constructed using the class data that was collected during the Urination Lab·The data show that all four groups had an increase in the volume of urine produced each minute. Physiologically, what occurred in each person to bring about this increase in urine flow rate? Urine Flow Rate Vs. Time 14 ?12 10 Water lce Tea -Cranberry Gatorade 60 Time (min) 30 90 120 a. The amount of angiotensin Il (ANG I) present in the blood was decreased. b. The amount of aldosterone released into the blood was increased. c. The amount of vasopressin released into the blood was increased. d. The amount of renin released into the blood was increased. e. The amount of atrial natiuretic peptide (ANP) released into the blood was decreased.

Explanation / Answer

question 4.

Among the given option, angiotensin II is the ultimate hormone that acts on the kidney bed and causes increased renal reabsorption of sodium and water. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, then angiotensin converting enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II --> this angiotensin II acts various way to increased renal reabsorption in response to hypotension.

So decrease in angiotensin II will cause increased glomerular filtration thereby increase urine production per minute.

So option a is correct.

The last option about ANP, ANP is a hormone from myocytes which increases urine production. So decrease in ANP will cause decrease renal production not increased renal production.

While all other options cause increase renal reabsorption and decreased urine production.

So only option a is correct.

Question:1

Caffeine increases blood flow to kidney bed, and so caffeine is a natural diuretic.

The answer is the option: c

Question 2:

Cranberry juice is a natural acidic juice ( 91% vitamin c = ascorbic acid) . Cranberry juice is more acidic than water.

So answer is b

Question 3:

pH of Gatorade is around 3.3

Gatorade has higher osmolality than the water, so it should increase the osmolality of blood--> this will result in kidney bed to reabsorb fluid --> production of urine with high specific gravity--> so the result is unexpected.

The answer is option :d

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