Question 4 (20 pts) This question is in part based on your Reading Mammalian Ski

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Question 4 (20 pts) This question is in part based on your Reading Mammalian Skin" We have spent good bit of time in histology studying epithelial tissues and their underlying architecture. Your Reading "Mammalian Skin" does a great job reviewing this interplay between the epithelium of the skin and the underlying connective tissues. Interestingly, and maybe surprising to many of you, the author of this Reading refers to the behavior" of epithelial cells and how this "behavior" may differ based on circumstances. (I) Please describe how the "behavior" of epithelial cells may differ based on external circumstances. (II) Explain why it is difficult to move from a petri-dish to study epithelial cells to studying and understanding the behavior of the entire skin (epithelium and connective tissue)- use your knowledge of tissues types to inform your answer. (III) The Reading frequently makes the case that advancements in scientific technology have advanced our understanding of our skin - provide another example from histology where advancements in technology have advanced our understanding of a tissue (this goes beyond your straight lectures). Feel free to reference your reading assignment but avoid extensive quotes - they are bad style and will not be considered part of "your" answer -paraphrase and cite instead (see your Plagiarism Exercise to see the difference between quoting and paraphrasing)

Explanation / Answer

To begin with, basically epithelium is the protective barrier of the body. Under normal conditions the epithelial cells are bound together with the help of several adhesion molecules namely integrins, claudins, cadherins etc. so with the help of these adhesion molecules the epithelial cells are always bound together under normal conditions and act as a barrier. But there are no cell adhesion molecules amongst the cells present in the connective tissue, so basically they are free without any connection because they lack cell adhesion molecules.under external circumstances for example in HPV infection which is caused bu human papilloma virus, this particular virus targets epithelial cells. That means the papilloma virus affecta cell adhesion molecules of epithelial cells with the help of oncoproteins E6 & E7 synthesized by HPV. So in this infection the cell adhesion molecules are lost and they become free., further basement membrane disruption occurs and viral infected epithelial cells enter connective tissue and spread infection.And also several autoimmune diseases such as pemphigus, SLE etc also target epithelial cells.So, same is depicted in the petri dish. The epithelial cells are bound to each other because of the presence of cell adhedion molecules and stromal cells are far a part, because they lack cell adhesion molecules which will decide the health of the entire tissue.Due to the extreme complexity of the tissue the brain tissue cells are unable to be isolated in petri dish.Advanced techniques involve tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Apart from that other newer technique includes imaging technology.So there are various techniques to study the tissue complexity.

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