6) Describe how depolarization and repolarization occur including the ions invol

Question

6) Describe how depolarization and repolarization occur including the ions involved. 7) Based on the definition of membrane depolarization, define membrane hyperpolarization Why is it harder to generate a 2nd action potential during the relative refractory period? Does this mean the membrane potential is more or less negative? 8) 9) What is the refractory period? Why would it be beneficial for cardiac muscle to have a long absolute refractory period? 10) Describe specific factors that would help you determine the difference between resting membrane potential, relative refractory period or absolute refractory period.

Explanation / Answer

6) Depolarization is the process by which the polarity of the cell changes from its polarity in rest state. Cells usually have negative charge inside and positive charge outside in rest state. During depolarization, the sodium channels on the membrane open and sodium ions flow inside the cell making the cell positively charged inside and negatively charged outside. During repolarization, the sodium-potassium channels open on the membrane and for every three sodium ions sent out, 2 potassium ions are sent inside the cell. This makes the cell negatively charged as compared to its outside.

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