D. D. is a 66 year-old female suffering from shortness of breath. She smoked 2 p

Question

D. D. is a 66 year-old female suffering from shortness of breath. She smoked 2 packs a day until she quit 2 years ago. She has a history of bronchiolitis, hyperinflated lungs, pulmonary edema, and syncope. Her primary care practitioner suspects she also has pulmonary hypertension (PH). After examination, D. D. has a PAP of 35 mm Hg and mild CHF.

For this week's discussion, answer ALL questions below:

1. What is the prevalence of COPD in the United States? Use the most recent data available and provide a citation for your data.

2. Do COPD sufferers die of respiratory causes or other causes? Why? (2 pts)

3. What are the three different medication classes/types of bronchodilators, and how do they EACH function to alleviate the symptoms of COPD?

4. What type of heart failure is D.D. developing - left, right, or biventricular? Explain your answer.

3. Is lung transplantation a solution for emphysema patients like D.D.? Why or why not?

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1...COPD is the third leading cause of death in US.15.7 million people have been diagnosed with this disease in a year.this count almost 6.4 percent of population of US.

2...COPD suffress die mostly of cardiovascular causes rather than respiratory.COPD leads to Right sided heart failure which is the cause of death.

3...Short acting B agonist....eg..salbutamol.

Long acting Beta against...eg. salmotrol

These both act on Beta receptor and causes bronchodialtion

Anticholinergic...ipratropium bromide

These inhibit action of acytyl choline and prevent bronchoconstriction.and causes bronchodialtion

Steroids...these inhibit inflammation and causes bronchodialtion.

4.....COPD develops right sidedsheart failure.In COPD there is pulmnary hypertension which increases the pressure in pulmonary arteries which gets reflected back to the right ventricle of heart and thus ultimately right sidedsheart failure occur

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