balk Into hmut 20.Explain how the sympathetic nervous system can compensate for
ID: 3522957 • Letter: B
Question
balk Into hmut 20.Explain how the sympathetic nervous system can compensate for a weakly contra cting heart. Can sympathetic compensation last forever? Explain what is going on during congestive heart failure. 21.List the five blood vessels types and what they do. 22. What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure? 23. What variables can increase peripheral resistance? 24.What does epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) do to smooth muscle lining blood vessels? Specifically those vessels that have alpha receptors. 25. What is the function of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters? Fig. 15.3 Why would the blood circulation want to bypass a particular capillary bed? 26.Explain the process of transcytosis. 27.How does bulk flow transport differ from membrane transport? 28.Discuss the influence of cardiac output, resistance and blood volume on blood pressure. 29.Explain what occurs in your body in response to high blood pressure (Fig. 15.14)!! 30.Explain how atherosclerotic plaques are formed and why they are unhealthy. 31.List the 5 types of white blood cells (WBCs). Which type is involved in the specific immune response? 32.Explain the difference between the specific (adaptive) and non-specific (innate) immune response.Explanation / Answer
20. Sympathetic compensation does not last forever. Body becomes desynthesized to NE and drugs with NE. Congestive heart failure fills of the left side of the heart because blood backs up into the lungs causing congestion.
21. Arteries - carry blood away from the heart to other organs.
Arterioles - they deliver blood to capillaries
Capillaries - tiny vessels that connect capillaries to venules. They have very thin walls which allow the nutrients from the blood to pass into the body tissues.
Venules - collect blood from capillaries and drains into the vein.
Veins - carry blood back to the heart.
22. Diastolic pressure occurs near the begining of the cardiac cycle. It is the minimum pressure in the arteries when the pumping chamber of the heart , ventricles, filled with blood. Normal range : 60-80 mmHg. Useful in monitoring blood pressure in younger individuals. It represents minimum pressure in the arteries. Ventricles of the heart filled with blood and blood vessels relaxed during diastolic pressure.
Near the end of the cardiac cycle systolic pressure or peak pressure occurs when the ventricles contract. Normal range : 90-120 mmHg. As the person's age increases the importance of systolic pressure measurement increases too. It represents maximum pressure exerted in the arteries. Left ventricle and blood vessels contract during the procedure.
23. Autonomic activity : sympathetic activity constricts peripheral artery.
Pharmacologic agents : vasoconstrictor drugs increase resistance.
Blood viscosity : increased viscosity increases resistance.
24. Both stimulates alpha receptors located in arteries , the arteries constricts. It increases blood pressure and blood flow returns to the heart.
25. The precapillary sphincters, circular smooth muscle cells that surround the capillaries at its origin with the metaarterioles , tightly regulate the flow of blood from the metaarterioles to the capillaries it supplies.
26. It is a type of transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of the cell. Macromolecules are captured in the vesicles on one side of the cell, drawn across the cell, and ejected
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