Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

1. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle by way of the pulmonary artery pul

ID: 3523284 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle by way of the

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

aorta

vena cava

2. Rate-pressure product (RPP) is computed as

systolic blood pressure ¸ heart rate          

systolic blood pressure x heart rate

diastolic blood pressure ¸ heart rate

diastolic blood pressure x heart rate

none of the above

3. The primary role of the cardiovascular system is to

convey heat away from deep body tissues

deliver adequate amounts of oxygen and nutrients while removing wastes from body tissues

serve as a buffer for metabolic wastes during exercise

none of the above

In order to meet the increased oxygen demands of muscle during exercise, which two major adjustments in blood flow must be made

an increase in heart rate and blood pressure

an increase in brain blood flow and blood flow to the skin

an increase in cardiac out put and a redistribution of blood flow from inactive to active tissues

an increase in muscle blood flow and an increase in blood flow to the liver

5. All gas exchange between the vascular system and tissues occurs in

Venules

Capillaries

Arterioles

Veins

6. The contraction phase of the heart cycle is called

diastole

atrial regurgitation

systole

none of the above

7. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called

pulse pressure

mean arterial pressure

brachial pressure

none of the above

8. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

AV node

SA node

AD node

SV node

9. P-wave is to atrial depolarization as T-wave is to ___________.

atrial repolariztion

ventricular depolarization

ventricular repolarization

AV nodal depolarization

10. Cardiac Output

= heart rate x stroke volume

increases in proportion to exercise intensity

increases to a maximum of about 25L (or slightly more in male endurance athletes)

a and b only

all of the above

Explanation / Answer

1. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle by way of the aorta. Aorta carries oxigenated blood from left ventricle to the body. Pulmonary artery carries less oxigenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs. Pulmonary veins carry oxigenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. Vena cava carries less oxigenated blood from body to the right atrium of the heart.

2. Rate-pressure product (RPP) is computed as systolic blood pressure x heart rate. RPP is a important tool for measuring of the stress put on cardiac muscle.

3. The primary role of the cardiovascular system is to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen and nutrients while removing wastes from body tissues. The cardiovascular system supplies oxygen other necessary materials such as hormones to the body and collects the waste products from the tissue and send it to its removing organ for excretion.

4. In order to meet the increased oxygen demands of muscle during exercise, which two major adjustments in blood flow must be made an increase in cardiac out put and a redistribution of blood flow from inactive to active tissues. During exercise our energy requirement is increased, so an increase of cardiac output is occurred and blood start to be supplied more from the inactive to the active tissues.

5. All gas exchange between the vascular system and tissues occurs in capillaries because the wall of the capillary is very thin in comparison to the other.

6. The contraction phase of the heart cycle is called systole. The contraction of heart is known as systole and relaxation of heart is known as diastole.

7. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called pulse pressure. Normal systolic pressure is 120 mmHg. Normal diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg. The pulse pressure is (120 - 80) = 40 mmHg.

8. The normal pacemaker of the heart is SA node. SA node controls the normal contraction rate of the heart.

9. P-wave is to atrial depolarization as T-wave is to ventricular repolarization. In ECG, T-wave denotes the ventricular repolarization.

10. Cardiac Output = heart rate X stroke volume. In a normal man the heart rate is 72 times per minute. Stroke volume is 70 ml. So, cardiac output is (72 X 70) = 5040 ml or 5 liter approximately.