Case Stucy 5 2 ngs Review Vew Help .Normal 1 No Spac.. Heading 1 Heading 2 Title
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Case Stucy 5 2 ngs Review Vew Help .Normal 1 No Spac.. Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtitle Subtle En Paragraph Styles Martin developed a fever of 101.5F on the second day of his hospitalization for acute alcoholism. He had a cough productive of gray sputum. A chest x-ray revealed a right lower lobe pneumonia. A stain of his sputum revealed many small pleomorphic Gram- negative bacilli. Sputum was sent for culture and a determination of which antibiotics would be effective in treating the causative organism. Because his wife stated that he had an allergy to penicillin, he was started on a course of the antibiotic combination of trimethorprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP/sulfa). To his wife knowledge, he had never been treated with a sulfa drug previously. On the third day of therapy with TMP/sulfa for his pneumonia, Martin was slightly jaundiced. His hemoglobin level was 3.5 g/dL from his value on admission and his urine was red-brown in color due to the presence of free hemoglobin. What do you think is the diagnosis of Martin's symptoms? Why do you think the symptoms occurred? What is the pathway involved? 1. Martin's sputum culture sent after he was admitted grew out H. influenzae. This organism is sensitive to a variety of antibiotics. How is this related to him finding blood in his urinei? 2. When red blood cells are stored in the blood bank, the hexokinase activity is lost and the cells are unable to generate ATP from glucose metabolism in the glycolytic pathway. How would the red blood cells generate ATP now? 3. 4. If the patient had a thiamine deficiency, how would this affect which pathway involved and how? Explain. 5. What is the significance of Martin taking the antibiotics TMP/sulfa affecting the red blood cells? What are other causes that affect the red blood cells as it is related to his condition? 6. Are there any significant features of red blood cells found after oxidative stress and why?Explanation / Answer
Q. 1 what do you think is the diagnosis of Martins symptoms? Why do you think the symptoms occurred? What is the pathway involved.
Answer:- In Martin’s case, acute alcoholism causes high fever with gray sputum which are symptoms of lung disease. To confirm it, he goes under chest x-ray revealing a lower lobe pneumonia. Strain from it’s sputum detected to be gram negative pleomorphic bacilli that is H. influenzae and known to form grey coloured sputum during infections.
2.Martin’s sputum culture sent after he was admitted grew out H. Influenzae . This organism is sensitive to a variety of antibiotics. How is this related to him finding blood in his urine ?
Answer:- H. influenzae requires iron to grow , thus it’s infection causes haemolysis of RBCs and results in finding blood in its urine.
3.When red blood cells are stored in blood bank , hexokinase activity is lost and the cells are unable to generate ATP from glucose metabolism in the glycolytic pathway . How would the red blood cells generate ATP now ?
Answer: hexakinase enzyme phosphorylates glucose forming glucose phosphate and further glycolysis of it generates therefore red blood cells with hexokinase deficiency can not generate ATP. Now the red blood cells generate ATP by pentose phosphate pathway (also called the hexose monophosphate shunt).
4.If the patient had thiamine deficiency, how would this affect which pathway involved and how?Explain.
Thiamine B1 vitamin is important in the production of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway. NADPH plays a crucial role in because it donates its electron pairs to numerous anabolic reactions.
5.what is the significance of Martin taking the antibiotics TMP/ Sulfa affecting the red blood cells? What are other causes that affects red blood cells as it is related condition?
Answer:- Sulfa drugs/TMP can induce haemolytic anemia. Other causes include hypertension and oxidative stress.
6.Are there any significant features of red blood cells found after oxidative stress and why?
Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalance between the production of free radicals and body’s counteract to detoxify its harmful effects.Red blood cells main function is to transport oxygen. After oxidative stress, free radicals forms damage the red blood cell membrane and resulting impaired deformation that causes red blood cells aging.
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