ourself the following questions for each hormone axis: Review Questions: Ask y 1
ID: 3524112 • Letter: O
Question
ourself the following questions for each hormone axis: Review Questions: Ask y 1. What is the releasing hormone involved? A. Where is it produced? B. What is its function? 2. What is the pituitary hormone involved? A. What is its target organ? 3. What hormone is stimulated by the pituitary hormone? A. What are its target organs and what effects does it exert on them? 4. What happens to the secretion of each hormone when one of the other hormones in the 5. What physiological changes occur when individual hormones in the pathway are present in 6 What changes, if any, would occur in target organ weight when individual bormones in the 7. What do the positive (+) and negative (-) symbols mean on the diagram? B. How does it regulate its own secretion? pathway are increased or decreased? high or low concentrations pathway are present in high or low concentrations?Explanation / Answer
1.Hormones produced by hypothalamus are of two types, 1.releasing hormone 2.inhibiting hormone.
They originate in hypothalamic neurons pass through axons and are released from their nerve endings.
They regulate the functions of anterior pituitary hormone.
2.pituitary hormone located in a bone cavity called sella tursica.
Target organs are Somatotropin,thyrotropin,adrenocorticotropin hormone, FSH,LH ,PRL,MSH
3.pituitary hormone regulates growth hormone,or somatocritn, prolactin releasing hormone secreted by lactotrophs,MSH secreted by corticotrophs,release corticotrophin releasing hormone, LH secreted by gonadotrophs release GnRH
4.when the effect of two hormone acting together is greater or more extensive than the sum of each hormone acting alone ,the two hormone are said to have synergistic effect.eg.production,secretion, and ejection of milk by mammary glands require the synergistic effect of oestrogen,progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin.
5.when one hormone oppose the action of other ,the two are said to have antagonist effect. Eg.Insulin promotes synthesis of glycogen by liver cells, whereas glucagon stimulate breakdown of glycogen in liver.
6.The actions of some hormone on target cells require a simultaneously or recent exposure to a second hormone.In such ,the second hormone is said to have permissive effect.eg,epinephrine alone only weakly stimulate lipolysis,but small amount of thyroid hormone are also present the same amount of epinephrine stimulate lipolysis much more powerfully.
7.Hormone secretion is regulated by neural or by feedback mechanism.
Neural mechanism: Nerve impulse to the adrenal medulla regulate epinephrine.
Feedback : negative feedback means that some feature of hormone action directly or indirectly inhibit further secretion of hormone. Positive mechanism promote hormone action.
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