Mts. F\'s heart attack damaged one of her papllary muscles What is the normal fu
ID: 3524507 • Letter: M
Question
Mts. F's heart attack damaged one of her papllary muscles What is the normal function of a pegiry consequences of a malfunctioning papillary muscle muscle? Predct the 4 In the heart dissection you performed, you noted the muscular walls of the venvtricles. The walls of the atria, were much thinn r. ihy do you think the ventricular wails are so much thicker than the atrial wails? The condition known as ventricular septal defect is characterized by the presence of a hole in the interventricular um How would this condition affect the normal pattern of blood flow? What effect would this have on the oxygenation of the blood? 6 While in the hospital recovering from her heart attack Ms. F. developed a condition known as atrial fibrillation, in which the myocytes of the atria depolarize and contract individually. How are the cells of the heart supposed to contract? (Hint: Think about the functions of the intercalated discs.) Why would it impair the functions of the heart as a whole to have cardiac myocytes contracting individually?Explanation / Answer
Answer
Answer 1)
Papillary muscles are present in ventricles of heart. They are attached to atrioventricular valves via chordae tendineae.
The main function of these muscles is to hold the valves intact and prevent the prolapse of the values during ventricular systole.
Damage in papillary muscles can lead to serious consequences. The damaged papillary muscles will not be able to hold the valves and thus the blood flow may regurgitate back through the valves into the atrium. This abnormality will decrease the amount of blood supplied to body tissue. The back flow of blood will result in abnormal blood pressure fluctuations.
In order to meet the oxygen requirements of body, the heart has to work harder. It may ultimately lead to heart failure.
Answer 2)
The ventricular walls are much thicker than the atrial walls beacuse ventricles have to pump the blood with greater pressure in order to transport the blood in all body tissue. Whereas, the atria contracts to let the blood flow into ventricles which does not require extensive force.
Answer 3)
Normally, the blood from ventricles are pumped in the arteries that is from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk and from left ventricle to the aorta. But in ventricular septal defect, there is a hole in the septum that seperates both the ventricles. The blood from both the ventricles flows through this hole and enter the other ventricle. It can create volume overload in the left ventricle. Also, the presuure in left ventricle is higher than the right ventricle and thus there will be excess leakage of blood into right ventricle. This leads to pulmonary hypertension.
In VSD, the blood from right ventricle can move into left ventricle. Left ventricles have oxygenated blood that is trasported to body tissues. But when deoxygenated blood mixes the oxygenated blood, the oxygen saturation in blood is decreased. Thus, dexoygenated blood is trasported throught the body.
Answer 4)
The cells of the heart are supposed to contract in concentric and unified manner.
Atrial fibrillations is the defect of electical conduction in the heart. The atria is not able to pump the blood as efficiently as it should due to lack of normal impulse conduction. There will be rapid and irregular contractions in heart muscles. As the atria is not contracted normally, it results in atrial spasm. This lets the blood gets accumulated in the atria. A blood clot may be formed inside the atria. If the clot embolizes to the systemic circulation, it can result in fatal consequences.
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