You are hiking in the mountains on a warm summer day. As you are walking up a st

Question

You are hiking in the mountains on a warm summer day. As you are walking up a steep incline, your leg muscles are working pretty hard. They need to produce a lot more ATP than usual in order to propel you upward. Your breathing becomes deeper and more rapid as you work to bring in more air. You also notice that you are getting warm and starting to sweat. You have water with you and decide to stop for a water and snack break. Your snack consists of a power bar that contains a good mix of carbs, proteins, and lipids - just what your body needs! As you sit and replenish your nutrients and water, you marvel at the beauty of your surrounds and feel a sense of appreciation that your body is healthy and able to adjust its activities to meet your ongoing needs. Answer the following questions based on this scenario:

(35 points) The nutrients in the power bar and the water are taken in thru the digestive tract to help meet your body's energy needs and help to keep you hydrated.

a. Describe where in the digestive tract each of the 3 major nutrients is broken down into an absorbable form and where the nutrients and water are absorbed.

b. Describe a hormonal regulatory mechanism that would help to make the digestion of these nutrients possible.

c. Enzymes are essential for the digestion of food but those same enzymes could harm our own body structures because "we are what we eat"! Describe 2 ways that the body protects itself from autodigestion by its own enzymes.

Explanation / Answer

A part ans :

the digestive system contains paticular enzymes for digestion for these major nutrients at paticular spots as the digestion of cabohydrate starts from from mouth. Most strach gets converted into maltose and its complete digestion happens in small intestine.

The protiens starts digestion from stomach but it also completes in small intestine.

The fats also gets hydolysed in small intestine by various enzymes.

All the three major nutrients and water gets absorbed through the villi of small intestine and reach the blood stream.

B part ans

The digestion system function is regulated by various harmone present in digestive tract

1 Gastrin in the stomach stimulates gastic glands and secretes pepsinogen and HCl .the enzyme gets converted into active form and helps in protien digestion.

2. Cholecystokinin gives signals for the secretion of pancreatic enzymes that final metabolises all the three major nutrients.

3 motlin polpeptides helps in fat matabolism.

4. Secretin secreted by duodenum helps to regulate acidity and gives signals to pancrease for water and bicarbonate secretion.

C pat ans

The enzymes secreted by the glands or organs are mostly in inactivated form and gets only activated at the targeted organ where digestion of food happenened

The mucosa layer around some organs also protects these organs from autodigestion.

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