Name Section UNIT Check Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application Que
ID: 3524705 • Letter: N
Question
Name Section UNIT Check Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application Questions REVIEW 1 Eva has been diagnosed d with galstones, which are lumps of cholesterol and other components of bile. One of gallstones the gallstones is a Will the gallstones blocking her cystic duct, preventing the release of bile from the gallbladder prevent bile from being produced and released into the duodenum? Why or why not? b Predict what might into the duodenum hthappen ia glstoe were to block Eva's pancreaic duct, preventing the release of pancreaic uice 2 The condition known as appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the appendix, usually due to bacterial infection. What anatomical or histological feature does the appendix contain that makes it at risk for this type of condition? How does its location and shape complicate this? Explain. If the ileocecal valve fails to close properly, the contents of the cecum can reflux back into the ileum. Why might this cause problems? (Hint: What is found in the large intestine that is not normally found in the small intestine Digestive System UNIT 24Explanation / Answer
1a. ANS: Bile is produced by the liver, not the gallbladder, so it will be produced even if the gallbladder is removed. As long as the common bile duct is intact, bile will continue to be released into the duodenum via the common hepatic duct.
1b. ANS: This would lead to various digestive issues, as the majority of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions are in pancreatic juice. (Note: It would also cause some of the enzymes to catalyze digestion of the pancreas itself, leading to pancreatitis.)
2. ANS: The appendix contains numerous lymphatic nodules that can trap bacteria, leading to infection and inflammation. Due to the narrow shape and small size of the appendix, when it becomes inflamed, it does not drain. This causes it to be at risk for rupture.
3. ANS: The large intestine houses large numbers of bacteria, but the small intestine is normally sterile. When the bacteria-filled contents of the large intestine reflux into the small intestine, it can cause infection and inflammation of the ileum.
4. ANS: The villi increase surface area for chemical digestion and absorption in the small intestine. When the villi become flattened, nutrient absorption and chemical digestion of certain nutrients decreases significantly. In addition, absorption of water, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals decreases. This leads to nutrient deficiencies, dehydration, diarrhea, and vomiting.
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