Consider the figure below. A sender begins sending packetized audio periodically

Question

Consider the figure below. A sender begins sending packetized audio periodically at t =1. The first packet arrives at the receiver at t = 7.

a. What are the delays (from sender to receiver, ignoring any playout delays) of the packets 2 through 8? Note that each vertical and horizontal line segment in the figure has a length of 1, 2, or 3 time units.

b. If audio playout begins as soon as the first packet arrives at the receiver at t = 7, which of the first 8 packets sent will not arrive in time for playout?

c. If audio playout begins at t = 9, which of the first 8 packets sent will not arrive in time for playout?

d. What is the minimum playout delay at the receiver that results in all of the first 8 packets arriving in time for playout?

e. (bonus- 3 points) We can also use the formula about d_i on page 617 of the 6th edition textbok to calculate the timestamps. Compute the estimated delay for packet 2 to 8 using the formula where u= 0.1, t_i is the emission time and r_i is the arrive time.

Explanation / Answer

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