On the island of Trinidad off the coast of Venezuela, guppy fish populations liv
ID: 35649 • Letter: O
Question
On the island of Trinidad off the coast of Venezuela, guppy fish populations live in high altitude, mountain streams and low altitude streams near the coast. In the mountain streams, the fish predator is a killifish. This predator prefers juvenile guppies so mortality is much higher on juvenile guppies than adult guppies. In low altitude streams near the cost, the main predator is a cichlid, and this predator prefers adult guppies. Please fill in the life history traits (in a relative sense) in these 2 environments where age-specific mortality varies. For example, you can say that age at first reproduction will be later in coastal streams and earlier in mountain streams. For each life history, briefly explain why natural selection would favor these life history traits.
Age at First Reproduction
Investment in Reproduction versus Metabolism/Repair
Size and Number of Offspring (Fewer/Larger or More/Smaller
High Altitude Environment (Higher Juvenile Mortality)
Low Altitude Environment (Higher Adult Mortality)
Age at First Reproduction
Investment in Reproduction versus Metabolism/Repair
Size and Number of Offspring (Fewer/Larger or More/Smaller
High Altitude Environment (Higher Juvenile Mortality)
Low Altitude Environment (Higher Adult Mortality)
Explanation / Answer
More & Smaller
Age at first reproduction Investment in reproduction versus Metaolism/Repair Size & Number of offspring (Few/Large or More/Smaller) Fish at high altitudes have a lower metabolic rate.There is also a general trend of smaller body sizes and lower species richness at high altitudes observed in aquatic invertebrates, likely due to lower oxygen partial pressures.These factors may decrease productivity in high altitude habitats, meaning there will be less energy available for consumption, growth, and activity, which provides an advantage to fish with lower metabolic demands.While the case is just reverse in lower altitude. High Altitude Environment (Higher Juvenile Mortality) 5-6 Years More Few & Large Low Altitude Environment (Higher Adult Mortality) 3-4 Years Less
More & Smaller
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