Answer each of the following questions briefly, i.e., in at most a few sentences

Question

Answer each of the following questions briefly, i.e., in at most a few sentences. a). What is the major differences between TCP and UDP? Why an application developer might choose to run an application over UDP rather than TCP? b). According to layer structure adopted in this course, how many layers are included in the Internet (give their names too)? Give one example of application, or protocol, or device, that corresponding to each layer c). List at least three services offered by TCP d). Suppose a web server has 3 ongoing TCP connections. How many server-side sockets are used? How many server-side port numbers are used? e). What is the standard size of a TCP header? What is the standard size of a UDP header? What fields exist in both TCP header and UDP header? f.

Explanation / Answer

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(a)

Application Developer might choose UDP over TCP because TCP performs congestion control due to which the speed of transmission would be less. But UDP does not do any congestion control and hence, the speed would be more as compared to UDP. Hence, the throughput would be more in UDP.

TCP UDP TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. The reliability of TCP protocol is more as compared to UDP. The reliability of UDP protocol is less as compared to TCP. It is more suitable for tranfer in which the time taken to transmit data is not much important or less critical. In this protocol, the time taken to transmit data is very critical. The transmission over TCP is less efficient as compared to UDP. The transmission over UDP is more efficient. In this protocol, actual connection between sender and reciever is created. No connection between sender and reciever is created The size of header of TCP is 20 bytes. The size of header of TCP is 8 byte. The message send by the sender is gauranteed to reach the reciever. The packet send could not reach the reciever. Hence, there is no gaurantee that the reciever would recieve the packet or not. There is an option of flow control in TCP. There is an no flow control in UDP. Acknowledgement is recieved after the packet reaches the reciever. No acknowledgement when packet is recieved. Error checking is performed in this protocol. No error checking is performed in this protocol. It is a very heavy weight protocol. It is less heavy.

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