4. Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the digita

Question

4. Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the digital signal
in each of the following digital-to-analog conversion?
a. ASK
b. FSK
c. PSK
d. QAM


5. Which of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or
QAM) is the most susceptible to noise? Defend your answer.

ASK. This is because the criterion for bit detection is the amplitude of the signal. Noise can change the amplitude easier.

9. Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the lowpass analog
signal in each of the following analog-to-analog conversions?
a. AM
b. FM
c. PM


11. Calculate the baud rate for the given bit rate and type of modulation.
a. 2000 bps, FSK
b. 4000 bps, ASK


12. Calculate the bit rate for the given baud rate and type of modulation.
a. 1000 baud, FSK
b. 1000 baud, ASK
c. 1000 baud, BPSK


13. What is the number of bits per baud for the following techniques?
a. ASK with four different amplitudes
b. FSK with 8 different frequencies
c. PSK with four different phases

Explanation / Answer

Dear.. 4. ASK and FSK work well but require at least one cycle of a carrier wave to send a single bit. PSK changes the timing of the carrier wave abruptly to encode data. Such change is called a phase shift. QAM: Any of the simple techniques can be used with any number of different signals. Bit value Amplitude 00 A1 01 A2 10 A3 11 A4 12. Baud Rate is the total number of bits transmitted per second. Baud Rate is calculate by using the Mclk ( module clock which is same as E clock) and dividing it by 16*BR, BR( is the value written to bits 12:0). or Baud rate for parallel toen modem = Bit rate / (no of bits each symbol carries) 1000/8 =125bauds/s 1000/8/4 =500bauds/s coz it transmits 4 phases

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