A client wants to know what common protocol suites are used in networking and wo

Question

A client wants to know what common protocol suites are used in networking and would like to know some basic information about each protocol suite. Your client would like for you to discuss the history of each protocol suite and which protocol suite is most commonly used and why. The following are points that could be included in the discussion:



Protocol stack: definition and examples

Difference between routable and nonroutable protocols and examples

Difference between connectionless and connection-oriented protocols

Discussion of the common protocol suites

Explanation / Answer

Dear user,
Protocol Stack: The set of protocols which are designed in complete, co-operative way is called protocol stack. As each protocol in a suit handles one aspect of communication; together, the protocols in a suit cover all aspect of communication, including hardware failures and other exceptional conditions. The entire suite allows the protocols to work together efficiently.
Example: The number of layers varies according to the particular protocol stack. For example,TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol), which defines communication over the Internet and most other computer networks, has five layers (application, transport, network, data link and physical). The also widely used OSI (open systems interconnect) reference model, defines seven layers (application, presentation, session, transport, network,physical and datalink). Programmers sometimes converse about loading a stack, which means to load the software required to use a speicific set of protocols. Another phase is binding a stack, which refers to linking a set of network protocols. Routable and non Routable protocols: Routable protocols used to build large networks and also used in a router. Non-routable protocols used to build local networks and cannot be used with a router. Routable protocols specify network address as well as addresses of computers on those networks. Non-routable protocols is a protocol that routers use to communicate routing information among themselves. These protocols involve exchanging informatin about new routes, or old routes that no longer work. A non routable protocol does not operate in network layer of the OSI model. Connectionless and Connection oriented protocols: Traditional LANs, such as Ethernet, are connectionless protocols. A station sends data packets to another station whenever the packets are ready.There is no connection establishment or connection termination phase. Connnectionless protocol is a straightforward extension of packet switching-the service allows a sender to transmit individual packets of data across the Internet. On the other hand, ATM is a connection-oriented protocol, a station that wishes to send cells to another station must first establish a connection and after all the cells are sent, terminate the connection. Connection-oriented protocol is more reliable then connectionless protocol. Common protocol suites: A set of protocols must be constucted carefully to ensure that the resulting communication system is both complete and efficient. Creating each protocol in isolation, protocols are designed in complete, cooperative sets called protocol suites. Each protocol in a suite handles one aspect of communication, together, the protocols in a suite cover all aspects of communication, including hardware failures and other exceptional conditions. The fundamental abstraction used to collect protocols into a unified whole is known as a layering model. In essence, a layering model describes how all aspects of a communication problem can be partitioned into pieces that work together. Each piece is known as a layer; the terminology arises because protocols in a suite are organized into a linear sequence. Dividing protocols into layers helps both protocol designers and implementers manage the complexity by allowing them to concentrate on one aspect of communication at a given time. Layering helps reduce complexity by allowing an engineer to focus on one aspect of communication at a given time without worrying about other aspects. The TCP/IP protocols used in most common protocol suite . It is follow a five-layer reference model. The five layers are
1) Physical layer
2) Network Interface layer
3) Internet layer
4)Transport layer
5) Application layer The number of layers varies according to the particular protocol stack. For example,TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol), which defines communication over the Internet and most other computer networks, has five layers (application, transport, network, data link and physical). The also widely used OSI (open systems interconnect) reference model, defines seven layers (application, presentation, session, transport, network,physical and datalink). Programmers sometimes converse about loading a stack, which means to load the software required to use a speicific set of protocols. Another phase is binding a stack, which refers to linking a set of network protocols. Routable and non Routable protocols: Routable protocols used to build large networks and also used in a router. Non-routable protocols used to build local networks and cannot be used with a router. Routable protocols specify network address as well as addresses of computers on those networks. Non-routable protocols is a protocol that routers use to communicate routing information among themselves. These protocols involve exchanging informatin about new routes, or old routes that no longer work. A non routable protocol does not operate in network layer of the OSI model. Connectionless and Connection oriented protocols: Traditional LANs, such as Ethernet, are connectionless protocols. A station sends data packets to another station whenever the packets are ready.There is no connection establishment or connection termination phase. Connnectionless protocol is a straightforward extension of packet switching-the service allows a sender to transmit individual packets of data across the Internet. On the other hand, ATM is a connection-oriented protocol, a station that wishes to send cells to another station must first establish a connection and after all the cells are sent, terminate the connection. Connection-oriented protocol is more reliable then connectionless protocol. Common protocol suites: A set of protocols must be constucted carefully to ensure that the resulting communication system is both complete and efficient. Creating each protocol in isolation, protocols are designed in complete, cooperative sets called protocol suites. Each protocol in a suite handles one aspect of communication, together, the protocols in a suite cover all aspects of communication, including hardware failures and other exceptional conditions. The fundamental abstraction used to collect protocols into a unified whole is known as a layering model. In essence, a layering model describes how all aspects of a communication problem can be partitioned into pieces that work together. Each piece is known as a layer; the terminology arises because protocols in a suite are organized into a linear sequence. Dividing protocols into layers helps both protocol designers and implementers manage the complexity by allowing them to concentrate on one aspect of communication at a given time. Layering helps reduce complexity by allowing an engineer to focus on one aspect of communication at a given time without worrying about other aspects. A set of protocols must be constucted carefully to ensure that the resulting communication system is both complete and efficient. Creating each protocol in isolation, protocols are designed in complete, cooperative sets called protocol suites. Each protocol in a suite handles one aspect of communication, together, the protocols in a suite cover all aspects of communication, including hardware failures and other exceptional conditions. The fundamental abstraction used to collect protocols into a unified whole is known as a layering model. In essence, a layering model describes how all aspects of a communication problem can be partitioned into pieces that work together. Each piece is known as a layer; the terminology arises because protocols in a suite are organized into a linear sequence. Dividing protocols into layers helps both protocol designers and implementers manage the complexity by allowing them to concentrate on one aspect of communication at a given time. Layering helps reduce complexity by allowing an engineer to focus on one aspect of communication at a given time without worrying about other aspects. The TCP/IP protocols used in most common protocol suite . It is follow a five-layer reference model. The five layers are
1) Physical layer
2) Network Interface layer
3) Internet layer
4)Transport layer
5) Application layer

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