Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP

Question

Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT or RTT1, …, RTTn. Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link is an HTML page that consists of (i) a small amount of HTML text, and (ii) ten very small embedded images that reside on the same server as the HTML page. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the HTML page (and embedded images). Assuming zero transmission times of the HTML page and the embedded images, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives all the objects when the Web browser uses

a. Non-persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections?

b. Non-persistent HTTP with four parallel TCP connections?

c. Non-pipelined persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections?

d. Pipelined persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections?

Explanation / Answer

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