Recall that UDP and TCP use 1s complement for their checksums. a. Suppose you ha

Question

Recall that UDP and TCP use 1s complement for their checksums.

a. Suppose you have the following three 8-bit bytes: 10010101, 11000101, 10000101. What is the 1s complement of the sum of these 8-bit bytes? (Note that although TCP and UDP use 16-bit words in computing the checksum, for this problem you are being asked to consider 8-bit sums.) Show all the work. (6 points)

b. Why is it that UDP takes the 1s complement of the sum; that is, why not just use the sum?

c. With the 1s complement scheme, is it possible that a 1-bit error will go undetected? (If your answer is “yes”, please give an example; if your answer is “no”, please explain why).

d. Is it possible that a 2-bit error will go undetected? Please justify your answer.

Explanation / Answer

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