This problem is pertaining to the CSMA/CD protocol. 1.) (1) Assume that three ma

Question

This problem is pertaining to the CSMA/CD protocol.
1.)
(1) Assume that three machines have experienced one collision with respect to each other at the same time. What is the probability that any one of the three will successfully acquire the channel without going through a second collision?

(2) In class discussions it is pointed out that for the Ethernet protocol, the higher the
data rate R, the lower the channel efficiency. Explain concisely why that is the case.

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2.)
(1) What is the so called "gap time" in the Ethernet protocol?
(2) In the token ring protocol, why the token ring should have enough delay so that the entire token can be on the ring simultaneously?

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3.) Assume a PC in our department lab is confgured with a default router with IP
147.26.100.1. Assume that an HTTP client application is trying to access an HTTP server
in California. Explain in sequence all steps involved for such an HTTP communication
session to be possible.

Explanation / Answer

Dear... According to the Cramster rule one solution per one post. so please repost remaining these in another post. 1. The probability of a collision, which is equal to the fraction of slots wasted, is then just 1 - np. Prob. that one of three will succ. aquire willb be=(1)/(1-p); p=prob. 2. 1. Gap time: An interframe gap (time distance between two frames) The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol provides the services required to form the data link layer of Ethernet. This protocol encapsulates its data by adding a 14-byte header containing the protocol control information before the data, and appending a 4 byte CRC value after the data. The entire frame is preceded by a short idle period (the minimum inter-frame gap), and an 8-byte preamble. 2. The standard size of token is 24-bits and if the distance between two station or nodes is less than 24-bit, then the whole token can not be circulated. to make sure in no case distance is less we randomly go on inserting bit delays. It also ensures that exactly one token circulates whenever there is no frame being transmitted, and to detect a broken ring. 3. Communication messages within the Terminal Services System are illustrated in the following message flow diagram for establishing a connection between an RDP Client and TS Server using a TS Gateway. The messages are documented in more detail in the component protocol documentation [MS-RDPBCGR] and [MS-TSGU]. In the description of the connection sequence using a TS Gateway at the end of this section, steps 1-5 describe the process to create an RPC/HTTP tunnel.

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