Write 1 to2 page and clearly explain the following: 1. What is a Kernel? 2. What

Question

Write 1 to2 page and clearly explain the following:

1. What is a Kernel?

2. What is a Shell?

3. Briefly explain the virtual computer concept

4. Define Multiuser, Multitasking and Operating System. Is Uix a Multiuser, multitasking OS.

5. What is CPU ? What are its primary components?

6. What are registers? What are their functions

1)For each of the following questions write the Unix command

Under your HOME directory make 2 directories named Assignment and Exam

Change to directory Exam and create a directory named Midterm. Under Midterm 2 directories named Spring 15 and Winter15

Change to your home directory

Change to Assignment directory

Under Assignment directory make 2 directories named Spring15 and Winter15

2)Briefly explain the following important Unix Directories:

/usr/spool

/bin

/dev

Explanation / Answer

1. A synonym is nucleus. A kernel can be contrasted with a shell, the outermost part of an operating system that interacts with user commands. Kernel and shell are terms used more frequently in Unix operating systems than in IBM mainframe or Microsoft Windows systems.

2. Shell is a UNIX term for the interactive user interface with an operating system. The shell is the layer of programming that understands and executes the commands a user enters. In some systems, the shell is called a command interpreter.

3. A virtual machine (VM) is an operating system OS or application environment that is installed on software which imitates dedicated hardware. The end user has the same experience on a virtual machine as they would have on dedicated hardware.

4. Multi User System
Multi-user operating system is a computer operating system (OS) that allows multiple users to access a single system with one OS on it.It refers to more than one person can be able to log into the computer.Each person will have their own settings.

MultiTasking System
MultiTasking Operating System refers to the ability of a computer to perform more than one task or program at a time.
Two Types of Multi Tasking System
1.Preemptive
2.Cooperative

Yes Unix is Multiuser and Multitasking OS

5. CPU stands for Central processing unit.It is also known as microprocessor or processor.A CPU is brain of a computer.It is responsible for all functions and processes.Regarding computing power,the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.The CPU is consisted of thin layers of thousands of transistors.Each transistor receives a set of inputs and produces output.Transistors hold a key role in functioning of CPU as they make computer able to count and perform logical operations which is called processing.It processes the instructions that it collects by decoding the code in programs.Computers use two types of storage: Primary storage and secondary storage. The CPU mainly interacts with primary storage or main memory,referring to it for both instructions and data.

The three components of the CPU are following,
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit
2. Control Unit
3. Registers

6. Register are used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU, there are various types of Registers those are used for various purpose. Among of the some Mostly used Registers named as AC or Accumulator, Data Register or DR, the AR or Address Register, program counter (PC), Memory Data Register (MDR) ,Index register,Memory Buffer Register.

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