1. For each of the following state whether it is a wired or wireless media and g
ID: 3696685 • Letter: 1
Question
1. For each of the following state whether it is a wired or wireless media and give its approximate range:
a) Infra-red
b) Microwave
c) Twisted Pair cable
d) Optic fibre
2. What is the difference between bit rate and baud rate?
3. Consider a situation where you have a number of bits per symbol of 4 and a signal rate of 16,000 per second? What is the bit rate?
4. What is meant by attenuation and how is it alleviated?
5. Manchester encoding and amplitude modulation both represent binary information but in different ways. Why do we need both?
6. What is the purpose of multiplexing? What form of multiplexing is used for optical fibre?
Explanation / Answer
1)
a) INFRARED:::
Having a wavelength just greater than that of the red end of the visible light spectrum but less than that of microwaves. Infrared radiation has a wavelength from about 800 nm to 1 mm, and is emitted particularly by heated objects.
these are wireless.
b) MICROWAVES::
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between 300 MHz (100 cm) ..
C)TWISTED PAIR CABLE::
Twisted pair cable consists of a pair of insulated wires twisted together. It is a cable type used in telecommunication for very long time. Cable twisting helps to reduce noise pickup from outside sources and crosstalk on multi-pair cables
D)OPTIC FIBRE::
A fiber opticcable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light wavesA fiber opticcable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves
2)Baud rate::
baud is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second or pulses per second. It is the number of distinct symbol changes (signaling events) made to the transmission medium per second in a digitally modulated signal or a line code.
bitrate::
no of bits per second that are coveyed are known as bit rate.
3) here ,
bit rate will be, 4x16000=64000
4) Attenuatioon::
it refers to the reduction of signal strngth,it occurs in both digital and analogue signals .sometimes it is called as loss.
5) the main disadvantage of manchester encoding is more bits are transferred than the original.
advantage is it synchonizes itself.
the disadvantage in am is it is short ranged,noisy reception.
6)Multiplexing::
it is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium.
An analogus technique called wavelength division multiplexing is used in opticalkfibre..
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