Data Lir 4/9/2018 1) Data link control deals with the design and procedures for
ID: 3703741 • Letter: D
Question
Data Lir 4/9/2018 1) Data link control deals with the design and procedures for to communication 2) adds an extra character to the data section of the frame to escape the flag-like pattern 3) refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgement 4) HDLC is an acronym for 5) Name three protocols for noisy channels: the l 6) Describe the stop-and-wait protocol 7) In a Go-Back-N ARQ, if the window size is 63, what is the range of sequence numbers? 8) in the data link layer separates a message from one source to a destination, or from other messages going from other sources to other destinationsExplanation / Answer
1) Data link control deals with the design and procedures for Node to Node communication.
2) Byte-stuffing adds an extra character to the data section of the frame to escape the flag-like pattern.
3) Flow control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgment.
4) HDLC is an acronym for _______.
ANS:- High-duplex line communication
5) Three protocol for noisy channel.
Ans :-
1. Go-Back-N Automatic Repeat Request
In this protocol we can send several frames before receiving acknowledgments; we keep a copy of these frames until the acknowledgments arrive.
2. Stop-and-Wait Automatic Repeat Request
The Stop-and-Wait Automatic Repeat Request (Stop-and-Wait ARQ), adds a simple error control mechanism to the Stop-and-Wait Protocol. To detect and correct corrupted frames, we need to add redundancy bits to our data frame. When the frame arrives at the receiver site, it is checked and if it is corrupted, it is silently discarded. The detection of errors in this protocol is manifested by the silence of the receiver.
3. Selective Repeat Automatic Repeat Request
Go-Back-N ARQ simplifies the process at the receiver site. The receiver keeps track of only one variable, and there is no need to buffer out-of-order frames; they are simply discarded. However, this protocol is very inefficient for a noisy link. In a noisy link a frame has a higher probability of damage, which means the resending of multiple frames. This resending uses up the bandwidth and slows down the transmission.
6) Describe the stop-and -wait protocol.
Stop-and-wait ARQ, also referred to as alternating bit protocol, is a method in telecommunications to send information between two connected devices. It ensures that information is not lost due to dropped packets and that packets are received in the correct order. It is the simplest automatic repeat-request (ARQ) mechanism. A stop-and-wait ARQ sender sends one frame at a time; it is a special case of the general sliding window protocol with transmit and receive window sizes equal to one and greater than one respectively. After sending each frame, the sender doesn't send any further frames until it receives an acknowledgement (ACK) signal. After receiving a valid frame, the receiver sends an ACK. If the ACK does not reach the sender before a certain time, known as the timeout, the sender sends the same frame again. The timeout countdown is reset after each frame transmission. The above behavior is a basic example of Stop-and-Wait. However, real-life implementations vary to address certain issues of design.
7) In a Go-Back-N ARQ, if the window size is 63, what is the range of sequence numbers?
ANS :- 0 to 63
8) Digitizing in the data link layer separates a message from one source to a destination, or from other messages going from other sources to other destination.
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