Problem 3: Distributed Systems-Anatomy Study Internet by itself is among the lar

Question

Problem 3: Distributed Systems-Anatomy Study Internet by itself is among the largest distributed systems ever built by human being. Now let’s gain some insights about its design philosophy in order to handle similar challenges for any distributed system as listed in the Textbook, such as heterogeneity, openness, security, scalability, and so on. (a) IP functionalities The network layer protocol for the Internet is IP protocol; and it is an example of using a spanning layer in distributed system design. Briefly explain the benefits of using this IP spanning layer in the Internet. (b) Architectural Model of D.S. World Wide Web (WWW) services make use of the client/server architecture. One of the main reasons for using this architecture is to enabling effective resource sharing. What resources can be shared in WWW? Please use an example to demonstrate the benefit of client/server model in supporting effective resource sharing. (c) Failure Tolerance Domain name server is critical to the correct operating of Internet by providing the translation between human readable hostnames to machine readable IP addresses. However, some Domain Name Server may go out of service due to, e.g., maintenance. Why can Internet keep functioning without them? Briefly explain your answer.

Explanation / Answer

a). The main advantage of using a spanning layer in internet protocol is that it ensures the smooth information flow to the system. Also the chances of loops are reduced. As we kow in case of multiple network paths, loops may occur but here the informaton is shared smoothly between two devices.
Other than this, the connection problems are also subsequently reduced.

b). The Client Server Model : In this, the client establishes a connection to the server over a network. It is useful when dealing with the internet applications. Both client and server programs are often part of a larger program or application. Multiple client programs share the services of the same server program. Often the devices follow the Peer to Peer or P2P model. Thus every node can act as a client or a server both. Thus these resourses sharing result in higher efficiency.
For example: The large transaction application is used, then the resourses sharing is very useful in Client Server Model. It enables higher reliability, accuracy and efficiency to it.

c). Internet works on basically TCP/IP protocol. The domain names are for human use primarily as domain names are easier to remember. The DNS server failure will never affect the internet working. It works on Internet protocol and it understands the IP Address rather than a domain name. Every domain name is converted to the IP Address once the request is gone from our system. Similarly we get the response in the IP Address form but it is converted to domains just for human purposes.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse P
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.