A student appreciates what happens to the data as it moves through the OSI model

Question

A student appreciates what happens to the data as it moves through the OSI model layers, but he wonders why he should ever care about the OSI model or data frames. He says he wants to become a network architect and concern himself with routers, switches, and cabling. The student indicates that he doesn’t care about the little details like packets. a. In your response, describe how OSI model layers can affect a network’s design and networking in general. b. If the student wants to concentrate on designing a network that makes use of routers, what layer of the OSI model might he take the greatest interest in? c. How can the OSI model be a useful reference when troubleshooting network problems? d. For instance, if one node can send and receive data, yet the data are not encoded properly, at what layer of the OSI model might problems be occurring?

Explanation / Answer

Solution:

The points on OSI model is given below first:

Application Layer:

Whenever the access to the network is required application layer protocol handles it.

Presentation Layer:

Data encryption is also performed here, presentation layer with the help of presentation layer protocol ensures that the data is in a usable format.

Session Layer:

Session layer looks into maintaining and establishing connections. Responsible for ports that ensure queries for services.

Transport Layer:

Through transport layer protocol the data is broken into frames and some sequence number is also assigned here for transmission of the data, Also error detection and correction is done here. UDP and SPX protocols work on this layer.

Network Layer:

How the nodes find each other across different network segments is done here, source-destination address, subnets path determination exists at this layer, IP protocol is used in this layer.

Data link Layer:

Data link layer does flow control, frames also exist here. Hardware addressing and topologies are specified here.

a)

The OSI layer can affect the network design because each layers are connected to one another and they define how the network communication is being done so keeping each layer in mind one can build a great network depending on their requirements.

b)

designing a network that makes use of routers, what layer of the OSI model
might he take the greatest interest in the network layer ...... routing is the function of network layer the router is the network device which forwards the data packets between computer network. with the help of router you can link two or more networks

c)

OSI (Open System Interconnection) model is one of the basic concepts in networking. It enables a user to understand network architecture and how data is passed in a network. as we have discussed the functions of all layers before now its easy to troubleshoot the problem as we can split the issues according to the functions of the layers it is always advisable to start the investigation from the physical layer and then gradually reach at the application layer

d)

if one node can
send and receive data, yet the data are not encoded properly, then the problem must be occurring in the PRESENTATION LAYER The layer is responsible for interoperability between encoding methods as different computers use different encoding methods it has the ability to identify character encoding for proper conversion, which is then done in the application layer.

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