What file type of partitions do not have journaling? What are the top and bottom

Question

What file type of partitions do not have journaling? What are the top and bottom halves of interrupt service routines? What program compiles the device tree blob (dtb) and give an example using the Pine64 device tree source What is a work que and how do you invoke one in an interrupt service routine? Define the flowing in the OSI model: a. Physical layer: b. Link Layer c.Network layer: d. Application layer: What is the minimum and maximum size of an Ethernet packet (frame)? What is meant by hardware-software co-design and how does this apply to interrupts? What is meant by hardware/software co-verification and how does the GNU kernel debugger fit into this process? Find the device Tree source file for the Pine64 on D2L and the Schematic. Identify the four GPIO lines of the JTAG interface in the device tree source a. Can these ports and pins be found on the schematic_ b. If so, identify the devices and/or connectors these go to: TAG CLock JTAG Data In TAG Data Out JTAG Mode Select Output

Explanation / Answer

Answer 2. Upper half and lower half are the terms identified with intruding on handler and equipment gadgets just by means of drivers bring interrupts up in this specific circumstance, they solicited u in a frame from the gadget driver. Every gadget needs to enrol its interfere with the handler (which is the piece of a gadget driver. Presently for gadgets which bring hinder every now and again or up in the event that when same intrude on handler is utilized by means of gadgets so to build the administration execution driver creators plan the handlers such that at whatever point a hinder happens the OS does the most critical piece of handler "upper half" to react to interfere, make an information structure containing gadget particular information called "lower half" for later preparing when CPU winds up accessible. Along these lines interfere with handlers can be utilized as a part of the situation when the intrude on raise recurrence is high.

Answer 5.  physical layer:

In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) correspondences demonstrate, the physical layer underpins the electrical or mechanical interface to the physical medium. For instance, this layer decides how to put a flood of bits from the upper (information link) layer on to the pins for a parallel printer interface, an optical fiber transmitter, or a radio transporter.

The physical layer is generally a blend of programming and equipment programming and may incorporate electromechanical gadgets. It does exclude the physical media accordingly.

Link layer:

The Data-Link layer is the convention layer in a program that handles the moving of information in and out over a physical link in a network. The Data-Link layer will be layer 2 in the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) display for an arrangement of media transmission conventions.

The Data-Link layer contains two sublayers that are depicted in the IEEE-802 LAN principles:

Media Access Control (MAC)

Coherent Link Control (LLC)

The Data-Link layer guarantees that an underlying association has been set up, separates yield information into information edges, and handles the affirmations from a recipient that the information arrived effectively. It likewise guarantees that approaching information has been gotten effectively by breaking down piece designs at extraordinary places in the edges.

Network layer:

In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) correspondences show, the Network layer knows the address of the neighbouring hubs in the network, bundles yield with the right network address data, chooses courses and nature of administration, and perceives and advances to the Transport layer approaching messages for nearby host areas. Among existing convention that by and large guide to the OSI network layer are the Internet Protocol (IP) some portion of TCP/IP and NetWare IPX/SPX. Both IP Version 4 and IP Version 6 (IPv6) guide to the OSI network layer.

Application layer:

In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) interchanges demonstrate, the application layer gives administrations to an application program to guarantee that compelling correspondence with another application program in a network is conceivable. The application layer isn't simply the application that is doing the correspondence. It is an administration layer that gives these administrations:

1.Makes beyond any doubt that the other party is recognized and can become

2.If suitable verify either the message sender or recipient or both

3.Makes beyond any doubt that essential correspondence assets exist (for instance, is there a modem in the sender's PC?)

4.Ensures assertion at the two finishes about blunder recuperation techniques, information uprightness, and security

5.Determines convention and information sentence structure rules at the application level

It might be helpful to think about the application layer as the abnormal state set-up administrations for the application program or an intuitive client.

Answer 6.   The first Ethernet IEEE 802.3 standard characterized the minimum Ethernet frame size as 64 bytes and the maximum as 1518 bytes. The maximum was later expanded to 1522 bytes to take into consideration VLAN labelling.

The minimum size of an Ethernet frame that conveys an ICMP packet is 74 bytes. You can test this by introducing a packet analyzer on your work area and by running a ping packet without any choices to a goal inside your network. It will produce a 74-byte packet with a 60 byte IP Header, 8 byte ICMP header, and Ethernet frame size. The maximum size upheld is the place you can change the information alternatives in the ICMP payload to add extra length to the packet. This would be constrained by the MTU which in an Ethernet LAN would be 1500 bytes of course.

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