Task 2: Fill out the following table. 1. Under functions, please supply enough i

Question

Task 2: Fill out the following table. 1. Under functions, please supply enough information to completely describe the function of each layer. 2. In the keywords column write a word or phrase to help you remember the purpose of the layer. 3. Under hardware, please list the network devices used at that layer. 4. For the protocols column, provide specific protocols that are used in the TCP/IP suite. 5. Note that layers 5-7 (Marked Red) do not have some of the categories such as PDU's or hardware TCP/IP model OSI model PDU Function Keywords Hardware Name Protocols me 5 Application Application layer is where applications requiring network communications live Examples of these applications include email clients and web browsers 4Transport The Transport layer establishes the connection between applications running on different hosts. It uses TCP for reliable connections and UDP for fast connections 3Network The Network layer is responsible for creating the packets that move across the network. It uses IP addresses to identify the packet's source and destination 2 Data Link The Data Link layer is responsible for creating the frames that move across the network. These frames encapsulate the packets and use MAC addresses to identify the source and destination 1Physical The Physical layer encodes and decodes the bits found in a frame and includes the transceiver that drives and receives the signals on the network.

Explanation / Answer

Solution:

Application layer:

Transport Layer: -

Network layer: -

Data Link Layer: -

Physical layer: -

1) From the physical layer, the data is transmitted in the form of bits and it is moved to the data link layer. In this layer a header is added to the data bits and thus it forms a frame. The frame then reaches to the network layer where source and destination IP address is attached to the bit and data transmission is done in the form of packets. In the transport layer the data is decoded and forms segments to reach to the application layer as normal readable data.

2) In physical layer data communication is done in the form of bits. In data-link layer, it is done in the form of frames. In network layer, data transmission is done in the form of packets. In transport layer, it becomes segments. Finally, in application layer it becomes data.

3) Nmemonic: (A)ll (P)eople (S)eem (T)o (N)eed (D)ata (P)rocessing

4) The OSI stands for Open System Interconnection. The OSI layer is used to represent a structured set of layers that is used to communication between networks. Each layer in this model perform different functions and uses different hardware.

Benefits of OSI model: -

5) Advantages of OSI model:

6) PDU: - The protocol data unit is an OSI term that is used in telecommunication which indicates group of information that is added or removed by the layer. Each layer uses different PDUs to transfer and communicate with other layers.

7) Data Encapsulation: - it is defined as sending of data when the data is augmented with various layers of information before transmitting over the network. The data within a layer is encapsulated and then the data is transmitted just to provide security to the communication system. Later on the encapsulated data is decapsulated and the message is retrieved.

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