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HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group of protocols for transmitting dat

ID: 3750257 • Letter: H

Question

HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group of protocols for transmitting data nodes. In HDLC, each message starts and ends with the unique flag sequence of 01111110. To prevent this flag sequence from occurring in other parts of the message, a process known as zero bit insertion, or bit stuffing is used Draw a diagram to show how zero bit insertion is used when transmitting the following 5 message data bytes. a2 (9 marks) Q3 There are four types of characteristics attributed to a flow: reliability, delay, jitter, and bandwidth. Explain how each of these is related to Quality of Service. (8 marks)

Explanation / Answer

Q2: Bit stuffing in HDLC(High-Level Data Link Control Protocol)

in HDLC each frame begins and ends with a special bit pattern called a flag byte [01111110].

Data is of variable length inside the frame and use bit stuffing( insert 0 after 5 consecutive 1's)

Given 5 Byte input data is

01110011 11110111 01111110 01001101 11111100

After Bit stuffing (Stuffed input data)

0111001111101011101111101001001101111101100

Stuffed zero bits is shown in bold