Provide responses to the following: 1. For which types of circuits is media acce

Question

Provide responses to the following:

1. For which types of circuits is media access control important? Describe the two approaches used.

2. Which two error sources are always concerns and how can each be mitigated (fixed or prevented)?

3. Briefly describe how even parity and odd parity work. What would the value of the parity bit be for a data transmission of 1101001 using odd parity?

4. Compare and contrast Asynchronous and Synchronous transmission. Which would more likely use parity bits for error control? Is the Ethernet protocol Asynchronous or Synchronous?

5. What is the transmission efficiency of a PPP frame (7 overhead bytes) with 693 data bytes?

Explanation / Answer

1.Ans-:Media Access Control is used several computers share the same communication circuit, such as a point-to-point configuration with a half-duplex configuration that requires computers to take turns, or a multipoint configuration in which several computers share the same circuit. In such case it is critical to ensure that no two computers attempt to transmit data at the same time but if they do, there must be a way to recover from the problem.

Two approaches used are-:controlled acces and contention

Controlled Acces-:computer networks managed by a host mainframe computer use controlled access. In such case, the mainframe controls the circuit and determines which clients can access media at what time.

Contention-:Contention is the opposite of controlled access. Computers wait until the circuit is free if no other computers are transmitting and then transmit whenever they have data to send. It is commonly used in Ethernet LANs.

2.Ans-:There are two types of errors: human errors and network errors. Human errors, such as a mistake in typing a number, usually are controlled through the application program. Network errors, such as those that occur during transmission, are controlled by the network hardware and software.

To reduce human error Eliminating strategies that make it possible for system users to make a mistake. For example, we could use automated safeguards such as cryptography, password management, identity and access management, network access rules and automatic standby locks.

To reduce network error like misconfiguration,security breaches ,hardware or software failure,old equipment,incompatible changes we should test configurations of network,the equipment used in network must be of good quality and new and use appropriate security controls in place to keep intruders from overloading your network.

4,Ans-:

Synchronous data transfer: The sender and receiver use the same clock signal

supports high data transfer rate

It needs clock signal between the sender and the receiver

It requires master/slave configuration

Asynchronous data transfer:The sender provides a synchronization signal to the receiver before starting the transfer of each message

It does not need clock signal between the sender and the receiver

It slower data transfer rate.

Parity bit is used in asynchronous transmission for error control since timing and spacing between characters is uncertain.

Ethernet protocol are synchronus.

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