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11.) Delays with multiple links. Consider a packet of length L which begins at e

ID: 3760834 • Letter: 1

Question

11.) Delays with multiple links. Consider a packet of length L which begins at end system A, travels over one link to a packet switch, and travels from the packet switch over a second link to a destination end system. Let d1,s1 and r1 denote the length, propagation speed, and transmission rate of link i, i = 1, 2. for The packet switch delays each packet by dproc. Assuming no queuing delays, in terms of d1,s1, r1 (i=1,2) and L, what is the total end-to-end delay for the packet? Suppose the packet is 1,000 bytes, the propagation speed on both links is 2.5 x 10^8 m/s, the transmission rates of both links is 1 Mbps, the packet switch processing delay is 1 msec, the length of the first link is 4,000 km, and the length of the last link is 1,000 km. For these values, what is the end-to-end delay?

Review problem 11 in the practice problem handout. Complete the following:

a. Write a program (Java, C++, C or any other language) to solve this problem. Your program will get the inputs (d, S, R and others), solve for delay and displays it on the screen.

b. Repeat the program for 5 links. Assume that the data is in a spreadsheet file. Your program will read the file for data and use the data to complete the delay calculation, and display the result on screen.

Explanation / Answer

The end-to-end delay is given by the formula:

                 End to End Delay = [Nx(L/R)] x P

Where:

L : Length of packet

N : No. of links

R : Transmission rate

P : No. of packets sent back-to-back over the N links.

So for the given problem:

L = 1000 bytes

N = 2

R = 1MBPS = 106 bytes/sec

P = 1

Therefore, End to end delay = [2x(1000/106)]x1 = 2x10-3sec = 2ms

Total length packet has to travel = 5000 km = 5x106 m

Propagation Speed = 2.5x108m/sec

Total time taken for pkt. to travel from end to end without delay = (5x106 m) / (2.5x108m/sec) = 2x10-2sec = 20ms

Thus, Total time taken for packet to travel from A to B = 20ms + 2ms = 22ms.

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C++ program for this is as shown below:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
   // your code goes here
   int N, L, R, P, Delay, Total, Time, S, X1, X2;
   cout<<"Enter the Length of packet(N) in bytes, No. of links(L), Transmission rate(R) in bytes/sec, and No. of packets sent back-to-back over the N links(P) in respective order";
   cin>>N>>L>>R>>P;
   Delay = [ N * ( L / R ) ] * P;
   cout<<" The End to End delay is : "<<Delay;
   cout<<" Enter propagation speed in metres/sec: ";
   cin>>S;
   cout<<" Enter length of 2 links A and B in meters:";
   cin>>X1>>X2;
   Time = (X1 + X2)/S;
   cout<<" Total travel time of packet without delay : "<<Time;
   Total = Time + Delay;
   cout<<" Overall travel time of packet from A to B is : "<<Total;
   return 0;
}