Given the following code, please include as many comments necessary to explain w

Question

Given the following code, please include as many comments necessary to explain what is happening throughout.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#define NUMBER_ROWS 13 // similar to stating global variables, wherever NUMBER_ROWS is stated in the code it will give a value of 13
#define NUMBER_SEATS 6 // similar to stating global variables, wherever NUMBER_SEATS is stated in the code it will give a value of 6
using namespace std;
void init(char[][NUMBER_SEATS]);
void printPlane(char[][NUMBER_SEATS]);
void getSeatNum(char[][NUMBER_SEATS], int&, int&);
void checkSeat(char[][NUMBER_SEATS], int, int);
char getSeatYN(); // function prototypes
int main()
{
   int row;
   int col;
   int i;
   int j;
   bool goodseat;
   char choice;
   char plane[NUMBER_ROWS][NUMBER_SEATS];
   init(plane);
   cout << "Hello! This program will help you reserve a plane seat and show you available plane seats." << endl;
   cout << endl;
   printPlane(plane);
   choice = getSeatYN();
   while (choice != 'N')
   {
       getSeatNum(plane, row, col);
       checkSeat(plane, row, col);
       printPlane(plane);
       choice = getSeatYN();
   }
   return 0;
}
void checkSeat(char plane[][NUMBER_SEATS], int row, int col)
{
   if (plane[row - 1][col] != 'X')
   {
       plane[row - 1][col] = 'X';
       cout << "The seat is reserved for you ";
   }
   else
   {
       cout << "Seat taken!" << endl;
   }
}
void init(char plane[][NUMBER_SEATS])
{
   int i, j;
   for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_ROWS; i++)
       for (j = 0; j < NUMBER_SEATS; j++)
           plane[i][j] = '*';

}
void getSeatNum(char[][NUMBER_SEATS], int& row, int& col)
{
   char ticket;
   char seat;
   int min, max;
   bool good = true;
   do
   {
       good = true;
       cout << "Please choose the type of seat you would like from the menu below: " << endl;
       cout << "F = First Class " << ' ' << "B = Business Class "
           << ' ' << "E = Economy Class" << endl;
       cin >> ticket;
       ticket = toupper(ticket);
       switch (ticket)
       {
       case 'F':min = 1;
           max = 2;
           break;
       case 'E':
           min = 8;
           max = 13;
           break;

       case 'B': min = 3;
           max = 7;
           break;
       default: good = false;
           cout << "invalid seat type ";
       }
       } while (!good);
   good = false;
   do
   {
       cout << "Please enter in the desired Row Number (" << min << "-" << max << "): " << endl;
       cin >> row;
   } while (row<min || row>max);
   do
   {
       cout << "Please enter in the desired Seat (A-F): " << endl;
       cin >> seat;

       col = tolower(seat) - 'a';
       if (col<0 || col>5)
           cout << "Invalid Seat ";
       else if ((ticket == 'F') && (row > 2) || row<1)
           cout << "Invalid Selction for First Class" << endl;
       else if ((ticket == 'B') && ((row <= 2) || (row > 7)))
           cout << "Invalid Selection for Business Class" << endl;

       else if ((ticket == 'E') && ((row < 8) || (row > 13)))
           cout << "Invalid Selection for Economy Class" << endl;
       else
           good = true;
   } while (!good);
}
char getSeatYN()
{
   char choice;
   cout << "Would you like to make a selection? (Y/N): ";
   cin >> choice;

   choice = static_cast<char>(toupper(choice));
   return choice;
}
void printPlane(char plane[][NUMBER_SEATS])
{
   int i, j;
   cout << setw(11) << "A" << setw(5) << "B"
       << setw(5) << "C" << setw(5) << "D"
       << setw(5) << "E" << setw(5) << "F" << endl;
   cout << " " << endl;

   for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_ROWS; i++)
   {
       cout << "Row " << setw(2) << i + 1;
       for (j = 0; j < NUMBER_SEATS; j++)
           cout << setw(5) << plane[i][j];
       cout << endl;
   }

   cout << " " << endl;
   cout << "* -- available seat ";
   cout << "X -- occupied seat ";
   cout << "Rows 1 and 2 are for first class customers ";
   cout << "Rows 3 through 7 are for business class passengers ";
   cout << "Rows 8 through 13 are for economy class passengers ";

}

Run the program to help clarify.

Explanation / Answer

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>

// declare constants for number of seats per row and number of rows
#define NUMBER_ROWS 13 // similar to stating global variables, wherever NUMBER_ROWS is stated in the code it will give a value of 13
#define NUMBER_SEATS 6 // similar to stating global variables, wherever NUMBER_SEATS is stated in the code it will give a value of 6
using namespace std;
// declare the functions
void init(char[][NUMBER_SEATS]);
void printPlane(char[][NUMBER_SEATS]);
void getSeatNum(char[][NUMBER_SEATS], int&, int&);
void checkSeat(char[][NUMBER_SEATS], int, int);
char getSeatYN(); // function prototypes

// main function starts here.
int main()
{
   // declare the variables needed in the program.
   int row;
   int col;
   int i;
   int j;
   bool goodseat;
   char choice;
   char plane[NUMBER_ROWS][NUMBER_SEATS];
   init(plane);
   // print a welcome message
   cout << "Hello! This program will help you reserve a plane seat and show you available plane seats." << endl;
   cout << endl;

   // call the function to show the seats left
   printPlane(plane);
   // ask the user whether he/she wants to select a seat('N' for no and any other letter for yes).
   choice = getSeatYN();
   // if user presses any other letter than 'N' or 'n'
   while (choice != 'N')
   {
       // call the function to get the seat selection from the user
       getSeatNum(plane, row, col);
       // check whether the seat is available or not. If available, book it
       checkSeat(plane, row, col);
       // print the seat map again
       printPlane(plane);
       // ask the user whether he/she wants to select a seat again('N' for no and any other letter for yes).      
       choice = getSeatYN();
   }
   return 0;
}
// function to check whether seat is available or not.
void checkSeat(char plane[][NUMBER_SEATS], int row, int col)
{
   if (plane[row - 1][col] != 'X')
   {
       plane[row - 1][col] = 'X';
       cout << "The seat is reserved for you ";
   }
   else
   {
       cout << "Seat taken!" << endl;
   }
}
// function to initialize all the seats by '*'
void init(char plane[][NUMBER_SEATS])
{
   int i, j;
   for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_ROWS; i++)
       for (j = 0; j < NUMBER_SEATS; j++)
           plane[i][j] = '*';
}
// function to input seat number from user
void getSeatNum(char[][NUMBER_SEATS], int& row, int& col)
{
   char ticket;
   char seat;
   int min, max;
   bool good = true;
   do
   {
       good = true;
       cout << "Please choose the type of seat you would like from the menu below: " << endl;
       cout << "F = First Class " << ' ' << "B = Business Class "
           << ' ' << "E = Economy Class" << endl;
       cin >> ticket;
       ticket = toupper(ticket);
       switch (ticket)
       {
       case 'F':min = 1;
           max = 2;
           break;
       case 'E':
           min = 8;
           max = 13;
           break;
       case 'B': min = 3;
           max = 7;
           break;
       default: good = false;
           cout << "invalid seat type ";
       }
       } while (!good);
   good = false;
   do
   {
       cout << "Please enter in the desired Row Number (" << min << "-" << max << "): " << endl;
       cin >> row;
   } while (row<min || row>max);
   do
   {
       cout << "Please enter in the desired Seat (A-F): " << endl;
       cin >> seat;
       col = tolower(seat) - 'a';
       if (col<0 || col>5)
           cout << "Invalid Seat ";
       else if ((ticket == 'F') && (row > 2) || row<1)
           cout << "Invalid Selction for First Class" << endl;
       else if ((ticket == 'B') && ((row <= 2) || (row > 7)))
           cout << "Invalid Selection for Business Class" << endl;
       else if ((ticket == 'E') && ((row < 8) || (row > 13)))
           cout << "Invalid Selection for Economy Class" << endl;
       else
           good = true;
   } while (!good);
}
// function to ask the user whether he wants to select seats or not
char getSeatYN()
{
   char choice;
   cout << "Would you like to make a selection? (Y/N): ";
   cin >> choice;
   choice = static_cast<char>(toupper(choice));
   return choice;
}
// print the current seat map
void printPlane(char plane[][NUMBER_SEATS])
{
   int i, j;
   cout << setw(11) << "A" << setw(5) << "B"
       << setw(5) << "C" << setw(5) << "D"
       << setw(5) << "E" << setw(5) << "F" << endl;
   cout << " " << endl;

   for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_ROWS; i++)
   {
       cout << "Row " << setw(2) << i + 1;
       for (j = 0; j < NUMBER_SEATS; j++)
           cout << setw(5) << plane[i][j];
       cout << endl;
   }
   cout << " " << endl;
   cout << "* -- available seat ";
   cout << "X -- occupied seat ";
   cout << "Rows 1 and 2 are for first class customers ";
   cout << "Rows 3 through 7 are for business class passengers ";
   cout << "Rows 8 through 13 are for economy class passengers ";
}

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