[Subject: C Programming](Please answer all of the questions to get full points)

Question

[Subject: C Programming](Please answer all of the questions to get full points)

1. a. Show how to declare a tag named complex for a structure with two members, real and imaginary, of type double.

b. Use the complex tag to declare variables named c1, c2, and c3.

c. Write a function named make_complex that stores its two arguments(both of type double) in a complex structure, then returns the structure.

d. Write a function named add_complex that adds the corresponding members of its arguments(both complex structures), then returns the result(another complex structure).

2. Let color be the following structure

struct color{

int red; int green; int blue;

};

a. Write a declaration for a const variable named MAGENTA of type struct color whose members have the values 255,0, and 255 respectively.

b. Repeat part a, but use a designated initializer that doesn't specify the value of green, allowing it to default to 0.

3. Suppose that u is the following union:

union{

double a;

struct{

    charb[4]; double c; int d;

} e;

char f[4];

}u;

If char values occupy one byte, int values occupy four bytes, and double values occupy eight bytes, how much space will a C compiler allocate for u?(Assume that the compiler leaves no "holes" between members.)

Explanation / Answer

1. a. Show how to declare a tag named complex for a structure with two members, real and imaginary, of type double.
       struct complex
       {
           double real;
           double imaginary;
       };

1. b. Use the complex tag to declare variables named c1, c2, and c3.
   struct complex c1, c2, c3;

1. c. Write a function named make_complex that stores its two arguments(both of type double) in a complex structure, then returns the structure.
   complex make_complex(double real, double imaginary)
   {
       complex c;
       c.real=real;
       c.imaginary=imaginary;
       return c;
   }  

1. d. Write a function named add_complex that adds the corresponding members of its arguments(both complex structures), then returns the result(another complex structure).
   complex add_complex(struct complex c1, struct complex c2)
   {
       struct complex c3;
       c3.real = c1.real + c2.real;
       c3.imaginary = c1.imaginary + c2.imaginary;
       return c3;
   }

2. Let color be the following structure
   struct color{
       int red; int green; int blue;
   };
2. a. Write a declaration for a const variable named MAGENTA of type struct color whose members have the values 255,0, and 255 respectively.
   struct color MAGENTA;
   MAGENTA.red=255;
   MAGENTA.green=0;
   MAGENTA.blue=255;
2. b. Repeat part a, but use a designated initializer that doesn't specify the value of green, allowing it to default to 0.
   struct color{
       int red; int green; int blue;
   } MAGENTA = {
       .green = 0,
   };

3. Suppose that u is the following union:
union{
double a;
struct{
char b[4]; double c; int d;
} e;
char f[4];
}u;
If char values occupy one byte, int values occupy four bytes, and double values occupy eight bytes,
how much space will a C compiler allocate for u?(Assume that the compiler leaves no "holes" between members.)
   Variable a occupied : 8 bytes of memory

   Struct e:
       Variable b occupied : 4 bytes of memory each char occupy 1 byte.
       Variable c occupied : 8 bytes of memory
       Variable d occupied : 4 bytes of memory

   Variable e occupied : 24 bytes of memory

   Variable f occupied : 4 bytes of memory each char occupy 1 byte.
  
   Variable u occupied : 24 bytes of memory

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