Java Programming: Use backtracking to solve Sudoku puzzles. A code template is a

Question

Java Programming:

Use backtracking to solve Sudoku puzzles.
A code template is available at the end. The only function you need to modify is fillBoard(). An example puzzle is hardcoded into the template. Your code should produce an answer where no number is repeated in a column, no number is repeated in a row, and no number is repeated in a 3-by-3 box. Note that you are provided with a checkboard() function that will determine if a (perhaps partial) board violates any of the Sudoku rules.
Your code should run very quickly (essentially instantaneously).

Explanation / Answer

/* Searches the grid to find an entry that is still unassigned. If
   found, the reference parameters row, col will be set the location
   that is unassigned, and true is returned. If no unassigned entries
   remain, false is returned. */
bool FindUnassignedLocation(int grid[N][N], int &row, int &col)
{
    for (row = 0; row < N; row++)
        for (col = 0; col < N; col++)
            if (grid[row][col] == UNASSIGNED)
                return true;
    return false;
}

/* Returns a boolean which indicates whether any assigned entry
   in the specified row matches the given number. */
bool UsedInRow(int grid[N][N], int row, int num)
{
    for (int col = 0; col < N; col++)
        if (grid[row][col] == num)
            return true;
    return false;
}

/* Returns a boolean which indicates whether any assigned entry
   in the specified column matches the given number. */
bool UsedInCol(int grid[N][N], int col, int num)
{
    for (int row = 0; row < N; row++)
        if (grid[row][col] == num)
            return true;
    return false;
}

/* Returns a boolean which indicates whether any assigned entry
   within the specified 3x3 box matches the given number. */
bool UsedInBox(int grid[N][N], int boxStartRow, int boxStartCol, int num)
{
    for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
        for (int col = 0; col < 3; col++)
            if (grid[row+boxStartRow][col+boxStartCol] == num)
                return true;
    return false;
}

/* Returns a boolean which indicates whether it will be legal to assign
   num to the given row,col location. */
bool isSafe(int grid[N][N], int row, int col, int num)
{
    /* Check if 'num' is not already placed in current row,
       current column and current 3x3 box */
    return !UsedInRow(grid, row, num) &&
           !UsedInCol(grid, col, num) &&
           !UsedInBox(grid, row - row%3 , col - col%3, num);
}

/* A utility function to print grid */
void printGrid(int grid[N][N])
{
    for (int row = 0; row < N; row++)
    {
       for (int col = 0; col < N; col++)
             printf("%2d", grid[row][col]);
        printf(" ");
    }
}

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