R1 show ip interface brief IP-Address Interface Gigabit Ethernet0/0 192.168.1.1

Question

R1 show ip interface brief IP-Address Interface Gigabit Ethernet0/0 192.168.1.1 Gigabit Ethernet0/1 192.168.2.1 GigabitEthernet0/2 unassigned Serial0/3/0 19 Serial0/3/1 unassigned Vlan1 unassigned. R21 show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address Gigabit Ethernet0/0 19 GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned. Gigabit Ethernet0/2 unassigned. Serial0/3/0 192.168.23.2 Serial0/3/1 unassigned. Vlan1 unassigned OK? Method Status Protocol YES manual up up YES manual up up YES unset administratively down down YES manual up up YES unset administratively down down YES unset administratively down down OK? Method Status Protocol YES manual up up YES unset administratively down down YES unset administratively down down YES manual up up YES unset administratively down down YES unset administratively down down

Explanation / Answer

1.A network engineer is troubleshooTng a small LAN network with one border router, GW01 thatconnects to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) network. GW01 uses its Serial 0/2/1 interface toconnect to the ISP’s router. Everyone on the LAN network lost connecTvity to the Internet. UpontroubleshooTng the issue, the network engineer noTces the following message aFer typingshow ip route.Gateway of last resort required but not set.What do you suggest the network engineer do to recTfy this issue? Assume the problem is onlyon the organizaTon’s LAN side of the network. Provide as much informaTon as possible includingspeci±c commands and all required parameters. (10 points)²irst o³, the gateway of the last resort is not con±gured on the network. ´he engineerhas to con±gure one on the network. ´he fast way to get one set and get the network back up asquickly as possible is using the IP route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 way.

The show ip interface brief command executed on router1 R1 and R2 generated the following output. What would be the static route commands that you would type on R2 in order to reach R1’s subnets. Provide complete configuration command with destination prefixes and next-hop information or exit interface. Assume R1 is already configured .

2) . A Cisco router has learned the following destination prefix 209.175.28.0 /24 from its directly connected network, static routing, and via dynamic routing. List in order of importance the way the router will go about inserting the route in its final routing table assuming everything is now working , As networks evolved and became more complex, new routing protocols emerged. The RIP routing protocol was updated to accommodate growth in the network environment, into RIPv2. However, the newer version of RIP still does not scale to the larger network implementations of today. To address the needs of larger networks, two advanced routing protocols were developed: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS). Cisco developed the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) and Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), which also scales well in larger network implementations.

Additionally, there was the need to connect different internetworks and provide routing between them. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is now used between Internet service providers (ISPs). BGP is also used between ISPs and their larger private clients to exchange routing information

3)IP route command is used to configure the static route. Static routes are the most secure way of routing. They will also increase overall network performance. These features are extremely helpful in small network

ip route

This is the base command which adds new route in routing table.

destination_network_#[subnet_mask]

This is the first parameter. It specifies the destination network address. We need to provide subnet mask if we are using sub-network. Sub-networks are the smaller networks created from one large network in subnetting. If we are not using sub-network then we can omit the subnet mask value. It will parse automatically.

IP_address_of_next_hop_neighbor / interface_to_exit

This parameter provides a way to reach the destination network. Both commands use separate way to assign this value. First command provides the IP address of next hop neighbor. It tells router that if it receives a packet for destination [that we set in previous parameter], forward that packet to this next hop neighbor IP address.

Second command also do the same job but in different way. It specifies exit interface instead of next hop IP address. It tells router that if it receives a packet for the destination specified by previous parameter then exits that packet from this interface. Device attached on other end of this interface will take care of the packet.

administrative_distance

Administrative distance is the trustworthiness of route. Route with the lowest AD value will be chosen while forwarding the packet. By default static route has two AD values depending on the previous parameter. If you have used next hop neighbor IP address, then the default AD value will be 1. If you have used exit interface, then the default AD value will be 0. This parameter allows us to create multiple static routes for the same destination. For example we can create primary and backup path for the destination network. To create backup path, we need to set AD value to higher than default, such as 2 or 3. With this configuration router will use primary path. Due to some reason if primary route fails, the router will start using backup route automatically.

permanent

When a route goes down router will remove that from routing table. Permanent parameter will keep this route in routing table even if it goes down. Its optional parameter we can omit it. If we omit it, router will remove this route from routing table if it goes down. You might use this parameter for security reason if you never want packets to take another path.

Configure Default Route

By default when a packet arrives in interface, router checks destination filed in packet and compare it with routing table. If it finds a match for destination network then it will forward that packet from related interface. If it does not find a match in routing table then it will discard that packet. This is the default behavior of router. Default route allows us to override this behavior. Default route is a way to deal with all unmatched packets. If no match for destination network found in routing table then it would be forwarded to the default route

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