The 2015 Study Panel, comprising of experts in AI and other relevant areas focus
ID: 3809618 • Letter: T
Question
The 2015 Study Panel, comprising of experts in AI and other relevant areas focused its attention on eight domains it considered most prominent: transportation; service robots; healthcare; education; low-resource communities; public safety and security; employment and workplace; and entertainment.
Please select 2 out of eight domains and provide following:
Describe the historic background for the domains you selected as well as their progress in last 15 years
Explain what are the major challenges for the domains you selected
Describe what are positive and negative impacts of selected domains on the society and the economy
don't have to be long
Explanation / Answer
1. Healthcare
Historic Background
First there was an era of coming up with the new medicines like penicillin. Now in these 15 years, the world has seen that the breakthrough comes from studying the myriads of data and the patterns to predict what lifestyle leads into better life expectancy. For the life-threatening diseases, artificial intelligence is playing a major role using machine learning based on statistics and predictions to tell which medicine has a better impact in long-run, which treatment has proved most effective. With the huge super computing power available now it is possible to apply various parameters and specifically come up with the effectiveness of treatment by various factors like age, race, genetics, region, occupation, lifestyle etc.
Major Challenges
The huge amount of personal data is captured. This can be a privacy issue.
As the results are based on machines, which are made by scientists and subject experts and data produced by sensors/machines together, there is an accountability when the decisions go wrong and human health is at stake.
There are ethical issues in applying ai to healthcare eg in stem cell research.
Profiling is done to make the predictions and it can cause risks of stereotyping the individuals.
Impact on the society
This has had more positive effects on society as people are having better health, more life expectancy, cost effective drugs are coming in the market so more people can be treated. Surgical robos have been of great help to the surgeons and patients. Diagnostics can happen earlier in case of life-threatening diseases.
2. Entertainment
Historic Background
Entertainment has been an inseparable part of mankind from the Greek Theatre to the Virtual reality!
A Game of chess goes back to the ancient history. 20 years ago when the supercomputer defeated the grandmaster Gary Casporov, it attracted the whole world into the new field of playing the traditional games against computers. Now there is a possibility of building the complete robo team to play outdoor game such as soccer against the human team! Lot of artificial research is in progress in this area. Another entertainment area has been composing of music. The physical instrument may not be always needed to come up with the full-fledged orchestra.
Major Challenges
Entertainment in sports is raising the bar every year in the international competitions. With the help of AI people are able to achieve higher goals and break the previous records. This has a danger of entertainment becoming more stressful as people no longer do what is just humanly best possible but have got to work much harder, take help of technologies. So the passion in a sport or a board game means much more than only working on the game. This has become a very challenging field.
Right form of governance is needed when it comes to movie making. In many sci-fi movies the human is seen as creator for the robos and only in the later part to discover that the robos have overtaken the world. In the movies and in the entertainment world the use of AI needs to be restricted to the entertainment level and not to overtake the human race.
The human interaction is sometimes curtailing e.g. as a musician may be able to completely able to work on the individual level with robos and prepare, campaign etc his music albums. Games are designed to appear like playing with multiple participants that are only machine made. These are sometimes so well-designed that those get priority over connecting with the real world people!
Impact on the society
Initially it was thought that artificial intelligence will be used only to solve the problems in the world like safety, security, employment, transport, etc. However entertainment has emerged as a big area in artificial intelligence. With image processing, voice recognition, NLP, etc there are lot of new possibilities in the entertainment field and the customers are willing to buy these services for the recreation.
The enterttainment must not overtake human interaction so the research must be in the direction where AI is utilised towards happier well connected human society.
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