1. In the nephron, fluid flows in the following order: glomerular capsule, dista
ID: 38149 • Letter: 1
Question
1. In the nephron, fluid flows in the following order:
glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, glomerular capsule
nephron loop, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
2. Renal pyramids are part of the:
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal capsule
renal pelvis
glomerulus
2. Under normal circumstances, which of the following pressures in highest in the renal corpuscle?
blood colloid osmotic pressure
capsular hydrostatic pressure
capsular colloid osmotic pressure
glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure
3. Which of the following is produced in the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone
Renin
Atrial natriuretic factor
4. Which of the following is NOT normally found in the glomerular filtrate:
water and wastes
water and electrolytes
vitamins and amino acids
blood cells and large proteins
5. These cells make up the proximal and distal convoluted tubules:
stratified squamous epithelial
simple squamous epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
transitional epithelium
6. The following structures make up the renal corpuscle
the proximal and distal convoluted tubules
the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
the ascending and descending portions of the nephron loop
the glomerulus and the vasa recta
7. The correct order for urine flow is:
minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter
major calyces, minor calyces, renal pelvis, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter
renal pelvis, minor calyces, major calyces, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
8. The enzyme which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I is:
aldosterone
renin
ADH
Angiotensin II
9. The hormone which increases the water permeability of the collecting ducts is:
aldosterone
renin
ADH
Atrial natriuretic peptide
10. Which of the following does NOT occur when there is an increase in angiotensin II
increased thirst
release of aldosterone
decrease in blood pressure
vasoconstriction
11. During the fight-or-flight response, sympathetic stimulation of renal blood vessels cause
increased glomerular filtration due to vasodilation of renal arteries
decreased glomerular filtration due to vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
decreased glomerular filtration due to decreased renin
no change in glomerular filtration rate
12. (GBHP (CHP + BCOP), where GBHP = glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure, CHP = capsular hydrostatic pressure, and BCOP = blood colloid osmotic pressure is:
net filtration pressure
glomerular filtration pressure
countercurrent mechanism
renal autoregulation
13. The movement of materials from the tubular fluid into the blood of peritubular capillaries or the vasa recta is called:
tubular secretion
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
transport maximum
14. Urine that is hypertonic (concentrated) to blood plasma is produced when:
levels of antidiuretic hormone are high
levels of antidiuretic hormone are low
plasma concentration levels of sodium is low
levels of aldosterone are low
15. The descending limb of the nephron loop is made of the following tissue
transitional
simple columnar
stratified squamous
simple squamous
16. This hormone increases the reabsorption of NA+ from the DCT
aldosterone
atrial natriuretic factor
antidiuretic hormone
renin
17. Atrial natriuretic factor is secreted due to __________ and _____________ Na+ and water reabsorption.
increased blood pressure, stimulates
decreased blood pressure, stimulates
decreased blood pressure, inhibits
increased blood pressure, inhibits
18. Which of the following is NOT normally found in the urine:
creatinine
glucose
urea
uric acid
19. The descending limb of the nephron loop allows
for the reabsorption of water
for the reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, K+
for the secretion of water
secretion of Na+, Cl-, K+
20. The movement of substances from the blood or tubular cells into the tubular fluid is called
transport maximum
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption
glomerular filtration
21. If the levels of aldosterone increase, the blood levels of Na+
decrease
increase
has no effect
22. Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it:
is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells
stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
inhibits secretion of ADH
increases secretion of ADH
23. The countercurrent multiplier refers to the actions of the
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Vasa recta
Nephron loop
24. The countercurrent exchanger refers to the actions of the
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Vasa recta
Nephron loop
25. Which of the following is NOT part of the Nephron
Renal corpuscle
Nephron loop
Collecting duct
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
26. Within the medulla of the kidney, the tissue:
has a greater osmolarity towards the cortex
has a lesser osmolarity the further away form the cortex
has a concentration gradient with is always equal to the cortex
has a greater osmolarity the further away from the cortex
27. Which of the following is not associated with the JG cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus:
They are specialized smooth muscle cells
They are stimulated by high blood pressure
They produce renin
They are found on the afferent arteriole
28. Once the tubular fluid has passed the PCT, which of the following can no longer be reabsorbed:
water
Na+
amino acids
urea
29. What is the NFP if GHP is 60mmHg, COP is 35mmHg and CHP is 25mmHg?
120mmHg
70mmHg
40mmHg
0mmHg
30. When an individual is exercising, the sympathetic N.S. is stimulated, which will constrict the afferent arteriole entering the Renal Corpuscle, which will decrease urine production.
True
False
31. The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin _____.
when the peritubular capillaries are dilated
when the pH of the urine decreases
by a decrease in the blood pressure
when proteins are found in the urine
32. The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it _______.
has a basement membrane
is drained by an efferent arteriole
is impermeable to most substances
has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems
33. Which of the following does not describe the juxtaglomerular complex?
it regulates the rate of filtrate formation
it helps control systemic blood pressure
its granular cells produce renin
its macula densa cells produce aldosterone
34. Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?
by secreting hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid
by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions
by producing new bicarbonate ions
by secreting sodium ions
35. Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?
renal autoregulation
neural regulation
electrolyte levels
hormonal regulation
36. Excretion of dilute urine requires __________.
relative permeability of the distal tubule to water
impermeability of the collecting duct to water
transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending nephron loop
the presence of ADH
37. If the transport maximum for a particular amino acid is 120mg/100ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230mg/100ml, the amino acid will ______.
be actively secreted into the filtrate
be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells
appear in the urine
be completely reabsorbed by secondary active transport
Match the Following
. proximal convoluted tubule a. site of filtrate formation
glomerulus b. site that drains the distal convoluted tubule
peritubular capillaries c. blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells
d. site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs
Match the following:
afferent arterioles a. low pressure, porous vessels that reabsorb solutes and water from the tubules
glomerular capillaries
b. high pressure vessel that forces fluid and
peritubular capillaries the solutes into the glomerular capsule
vasa recta c. fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells
d. pick up fluid and solutes from the renal medulla
Explanation / Answer
1. glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
2. renal medulla
2. glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure
3. rennin
4. blood cells and large proteins
6. the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
7. minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
8. ADH
28. urea
31. by a decrease in the blood pressure
32. is drained by an efferent arteriole
33. its macula densa cells produce aldosterone
35. electrolyte level
36. impermeability of the collecting duct to water
37. appear in the urine
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.