Consider the following C-style program below. Diagram the changes in the stack t

Question

Consider the following C-style program below. Diagram the changes in the stack that occur when some subroutine bar is called from the current subroutine foo. In particular, show the subroutine frames on the stack before the call of bar, while bar is executing, and after it has returned. Show the positions of the stack pointer (sp) and the frame pointer (fp) at each stage. Also, using the typical subroutine frame layout discussed in class, indicate the stack locations of the arguments to bar as well as the return value. int bar(int a, int b) {int ret; ret = a + b; return ret;} void foo() {int x; x = bar(1,2);}

Explanation / Answer

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<string.h>

struct ele{
char cname[100],cfname[100],cadd[100];
long pno,mno;
int code;
}ele[40];

struct ele1{
int code;
int dd,mm,yy,dd1,mm1,yy1;
long oldunit,curunit,units;
float echarge,etax,mcharge,scharge,amtuptodd,surcharge,amtafterdd;
}ele1[40];

void customer();
void display();
int menu();
void trans();
void cod();
void bill();

int i,n,h,cho,ch,no,code;
static int k=0;
static int k1=0;

void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(" *******************************************************************************");
printf(" *******************************************************************************");
printf(" * Aishwaraya College of Education Sansthan *");
printf(" * Project Report *");
printf(" * ON *");
printf(" * Electricity Billing System *");
printf(" * Year 2004-05 *");
printf(" Submitted to:- Submitted by:- ");
printf(" Veena Nagar Madam Prakash Menaria");
printf(" Shival Tiwari");
printf(" Ashish Vijayvargiya");
printf(" ********************************************************************************");
printf("********************************************************************************");
getch();
clrscr();
do
{
cho=menu();
switch(cho)
{
case 1:
clrscr();
customer();
getch();
clrscr();
fflush(stdin);
break;
case 2:
clrscr();
display();
getch();
clrscr();
fflush(stdin);
break;
case 3:
clrscr();
trans();
getch();
clrscr();
fflush(stdin);
break;
case 4:
clrscr();
bill();
getch();
clrscr();
fflush(stdin);
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
}
}while(cho!=5);
getch();
}

void customer()
{
char ans;
ele[0].code=101;
do
{
clrscr();
fflush(stdin);
gotoxy(30,4);
printf("New Customer Entry");
gotoxy(15,6);
printf("Customer Code - %d",ele[k].code);
gotoxy(15,7);
printf("Customer Name - ");
gotoxy(15,8);
printf("Customer Father Name - ");
gotoxy(15,9);
printf("Customer Address - ");
gotoxy(15,10);
printf("Phone Number - ");
gotoxy(15,11);
printf("Meter Number - ");
gotoxy(45,7);
fflush(stdin);
gets(ele[k].cname);
gotoxy(45,8);
fflush(stdin);
gets(ele[k].cfname);
gotoxy(45,9);
gets(ele[k].cadd);
gotoxy(45,10);
scanf("%ld",&ele[k].pno);
gotoxy(45,11);
scanf("%ld",&ele[k].mno);
fflush(stdin);
gotoxy(20,13);
printf("Do you want more entry (y/n) - ");
scanf("%c",&ans);
h=k;
k++;
ele[k].code=ele[h].code+1;
}while(ans!='n');
}

void display()
{
int row=3;
gotoxy(1,1);
printf("Customer Code");
gotoxy(16,1);
printf("Customer Name");
gotoxy(35,1);
printf("Father Name");
gotoxy(50,1);
printf("Address");
gotoxy(65,1);
printf("Meter No.");
gotoxy(1,2);
for(i=1;i<=79;i++)
printf("-");
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
gotoxy(1,row);
printf("%d",ele[i].code);
gotoxy(16,row);
printf("%s",ele[i].cname);
gotoxy(35,row);
printf("%s",ele[i].cfname);
gotoxy(50,row);
printf("%s",ele[i].cadd);
gotoxy(65,row);
printf("%ld",ele[i].mno);
row++;
}
getch();
}

void trans()
{
char ans;
int num,flag=0;
do
{
clrscr();
fflush(stdin);
gotoxy(30,4);
printf("Transaction Entry");
gotoxy(15,6);
printf("Customer Code - ");
gotoxy(15,7);
printf("Customer Name - ");
gotoxy(15,8);
printf("Meter Number - ");
gotoxy(15,9);
printf("Previous Month Reading - ");
gotoxy(15,10);
printf("Current Month Reading - ");
gotoxy(15,11);
printf("Due Date - ");
gotoxy(15,12);
printf("After Due Date - ");
gotoxy(45,6);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&num);
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
if(num==ele[i].code)
{
flag=1;
break;
}
}
if(flag==0)
{
gotoxy(20,15);
printf("Wrong Code No.");
}
else
{
ele1[k1].code=num;
gotoxy(45,7);
printf("%s",ele[i].cname);
gotoxy(45,8);
printf("%ld",ele[i].mno);
gotoxy(45,9);
scanf("%ld",&ele1[k1].oldunit);
gotoxy(45,10);
scanf("%ld",&ele1[k1].curunit);
gotoxy(45,11);
scanf("%d-%d-%d",&ele1[k1].dd,&ele1[k1].mm,&ele1[k1].yy);
gotoxy(45,12);
scanf("%d-%d-%d",&ele1[k1].dd1,&ele1[k1].mm1,&ele1[k1].yy1);
ele1[k1].units=ele1[k1].curunit-ele1[k1].oldunit;
ele1[k1].echarge=(float)ele1[k1].units*3.25;
ele1[k1].etax=ele1[k1].echarge*4/100;
ele1[k1].mcharge=35;
ele1[k1].scharge=25;
ele1[k1].amtuptodd=ele1[k1].echarge+ele1[k1].etax+ele1[k1].mcharge+ele1[k1].scharge;
ele1[k1].surcharge=ele1[k1].amtuptodd*8/100;
ele1[k1].amtafterdd=ele1[k1].amtuptodd+ele1[k1].surcharge;
}
fflush(stdin);
gotoxy(20,18);
printf("Do you want more entry (y/n) - ");
scanf("%c",&ans);
h=k1;
k1++;
ele1[k1].code=ele[h].code+1;
}while(ans!='n');
}

void bill()
{
clrscr();
cod();
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
if(ele[i].code==code)
{
printf(" Electricity Board Of Ajmer,RAJASTHAN ");
printf(" ****************************************************************");
//printf(" Name--->%s Unit charged-->%d",ele[i].cname,ele[i].unit);
printf(" Father's name------>%s",ele[i].cfname);
printf(" Address------->%s",ele[i].cadd);
printf(" Phone no.------->%ld",ele[i].pno);
//printf(" Previous Reading------->%ld",ele[i].punit);
//printf(" Current Reading------->%ld",ele[i].cunit);
//printf(" Total unit------->%ld",ele[i].unit);
//printf(" Bill amount------->%f",ele[i].amount);
printf(" ****************************************************************");
printf(" Enter any Key to Cont......... ");
getch();
}
clrscr();
}
menu();
}

int menu()
{
gotoxy(25,5);
printf("* * * Main Menu * * *");
gotoxy(20,6);
printf("------------------------------");
gotoxy(25,7);
printf("1. Customer Entry");
gotoxy(25,8);
printf("2. Display the Record");
gotoxy(25,9);
printf("3. Transaction");
gotoxy(25,10);
printf("4. Bill Print");
gotoxy(25,11);
printf("5. Exit");
gotoxy(20,12);
printf("------------------------------");
gotoxy(25,13);
printf("Enter the choice - ");
scanf("%d",&cho);
return(cho);
}
void cod()
{
printf("enter the customer code for bill print");
scanf("%d",&code);
}

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