This is for a database class, we are required to create a conceptual Diagram ele

Question

This is for a database class, we are required to create a conceptual Diagram electronically using a program such as Lucid Charts for the given scenerio

for the following scenario. (electronically) for the following scenario. Usecrows feet notation, and identity the major entity sets, their attributes, and relationships (with verbs). Save the diagram image and embed it back into this document. A farmer wishes to keep computerized records on the milk and calf production of the dairy herd. All calves produced are sold and not added to the dairy herd. Each cow has a name and date of birth, and will produce milk for a lactation period after the birth of a calf or Calves. Milk recordings for each cow in terms of litres are taken each day. The information required for each pregnancy of a cow are the bull's name, date of mating, date of birth of calf or calves and each calf's sex and birth weight. The system is to provide the following information to the farmer: Details of all births of calves attributed to each bull Milk yield of a cow over a particular pregnancy (note: a lactation period is associated with each pregnancy

Explanation / Answer

What is a concept map?

A concept map is a diagram or graphical tool that visually represents relationships between concepts and ideas. Most concept maps depict ideas as boxes or circles (also called nodes), which are structured hierarchically and connected with lines or arrows (also called arcs). These lines are labeled with linking words and phrases to help explain the connections between concepts.

Key features of concept maps

Concept maps are also referred to as conceptual diagrams. While other types of diagrams may look similar, concept maps have specific characteristics differentiating them from other visual tools.

Concepts
Concepts are defined as “perceived regularities or patterns in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label” and are depicted as shapes in the diagram.

Linking words/phrases
Linking words or phrases are located on the lines connecting objects in a concept map, and these words describe the relationship between two concepts. They are as concise as possible and typically contain a verb. Examples include "causes," "includes" and "requires."

Propositional structure
Propositions are meaningful statements made up of two or more concepts connected with linking words. These statements are also known as semantic units or units of meaning. Concepts and propositions are the foundation for the creation of new knowledge in a domain. Essentially, a concept map visually conveys a set of propositions about a certain topic.

Hierarchical structure
A key element of the concept map is its hierarchical structure. The most general and inclusive concepts are positioned at the top of a concept map with the more specific and exclusive concepts arranged hierarchically below. As such, a concept map is designed to read from top to bottom.

Focus question
A focus question defines the issue or problem the concept map needs to solve. Developing a focus question allows you to design with a context in mind and thus helps guide and maintain the direction of your concept map. Within the hierarchical structure, the focus question should be at the very top of the concept map and serve as a reference point.

Parking lot
Before beginning your concept map, it can be helpful to come up with a list identifying the key concepts that need to be included. Establish a rank ordered list from the most general concept to the most specific. This list is referred to as a parking lot, as you will move the items into the map as you figure out where they fit in.

Cross-links
Cross-links are relationships between concepts in different domains of the concept map, allowing you to visualize how ideas within these different domains are connected. Both the cross-links and the hierarchical structure facilitate creative thinking, and these cross-links often indicate moments of creativity.

Why use a concept map?

The brain processes visuals 60,000 times faster than it processes text. Designed as a tool to organize and represent knowledge, concept mapping can help you visualize relationships between various concepts and test your understanding of complex subjects. Thinking through and visually representing relationships between ideas forms mental connections that allow for better retention of knowledge. This diagram is a popular way to capture understanding of a topic for work, school, or personal study. It's used most frequently in academia, but the process can be easily applied to other fields.

Concept mapping offers benefits for any learning process:

Facilitates comprehension with its visual format
Synthesizes information by integrating new and old concepts to better grasp the big picture
Encourages brainstorming and high-level thinking
Fosters discovery of new concepts and their connections
Provides clear communication of complex ideas
Promotes collaborative learning
Sparks creativity
Snapshots your current knowledge to assess understanding
Identifies areas that need further knowledge or review
When to make a concept map

Concept maps are an optimal learning tool for students and educators, whether the contributors are enrolled in school, teaching or a subject, or developing new skills on their own. The process of connecting ideas in a tangible space can solidify your topical knowledge, as well as clarify which areas need a little work.

Making a concept map can be helpful when:

Presenting concise overviews of a field
Absorbing information while studying for an example
Assessing a student’s grasp of a particular topic
Consolidating knowledge during the learning process
Demonstrating an acceptable level of understanding on a subject
Defining knowledge that exists in your head but hasn’t been formally documented
Example concept map

Concept maps are similar to other node-linking mapping methods such as topic maps or UML diagrams. However, concept maps differ due to their philosophical basis, which holds that concepts and propositions are the foundation of new knowledge and meaning.

Keep in mind that concept maps are not the same as mind maps, though they’re frequently confused (see below for more details). Concept maps aren’t the best tool for visualizing new ideas, organizing meetings, or managing tasks and projects. You may want to try mind maps or another type of diagram in these scenarios.

Concept maps vs. mind maps

Many people have trouble telling concept maps and mind maps apart. Here’s how to determine if you’re dealing with a concept map or a mind map:

Concept maps
Are used to represent tacit knowledge, like an existing theory or concept. The ideas are usually generated externally.
Tend to represent academic knowledge, so their application is more formal.
Contain general knowledge near the top of the map, with related concepts arranged hierarchically below.
Show topics with cross-linking and multiple relationships.
Concept Map

Mind maps
Are used to flesh out a set of ideas, which are often generated internally.
Tend to represent a greater variety of tasks and concepts, so their application is more flexible.
Contain a single word, phrase, or image in the center of the map, with related ideas radiating outward in all directions.
Show topics with a single parent and several children.
Mind Map

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