Introduction to Politics Governments and Natons in the Twenty-First Century by M

Question

Introduction to Politics Governments and Natons in the Twenty-First Century by Matin Slann Ch9: The Globval Political Economy, Ch12: The International Constellation, Ch13: Ethic Conflict and the International Constellation

The world of the second half of the twentieth century was a fairly simple one. On a political plane, we encountered a bipolar world, where the primary conflict was between communism (whose forces were largely led by the Soviet Union) and capitalist democracy (whose principal leader was the USA). Economically, we faced three “worlds” of economic development: the first world (Western industrialized democracies), the second world (communist centrally planned economies) and the third world (the poor countries of Africa, Asia, the middle east and South America).

The world at the outset of the twenty-first century is more complex. There is only one super power, the USA, but its super power status does not help it in engaging in global conflicts at the local level (e.g., Iraq, Afghanistan). Furthermore, the national borders of the late twentieth century are disintegrating as ethnic and religious forces fight to establish their own, smaller sovereign communities. Economically, while the USA continues to have the world’s largest economy, economic clout is more evenly distributed throughout the globe: Europe has its European Union, the oil producing countries have unprecedented levels of wealth owing to petroleum shortages, and two giants – India and China – are developing rapidly and consuming huge quantities of material resources, thereby contributing to global shortages and inflation.

Slann’s book discusses the current international environment in Chapters 9, 12, and 13. After reviewing these chapters, answer the following questions. Feel free to engage in additional research (e.g., library research, Internet research).

Questions

Slann points out that two prevailing traits of today’s world are increasing interdependence in the global economy and increased strength of ethnic and religious forces. Your response should be 1 – 2 pages long, single spaced. Note that the answers to these questions require thought and research on your part. There is no cookbook answer.

a.    What evidence is there to back up Slann’s view?

b.    To what extent do these two traits reinforce each other, or work in contrary directions?

Explanation / Answer

Presently global economy is considered as a very composite scheme which facilitates in connecting individuals and places through trade and movement of products, services and information. The opportunity and influence of state markets has extended leading to an escalation in the quantity of exports manufactured for trade.

There are numerous factors that are in charge for the extension of the global economy throughout the preceding few years for instance latest development in technologies, decline in shipping expenditures, establishment of trade and industry federations such as North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA) and the transformations effected by countries and financial establishments were targeted towards liberalizing the global economy.

One of the trademark feature of the global economy is the perception of interdependence. Economic globalization generally refers to the concept of connecting people globally through events such as manufacture, trade and consumption.

As state economies become more and more integrated through global business the trade and industry development of any particular country then ultimately turns out to be progressively more reliant and dependent on the commercial prosperity of its business associates.

Events such as the selection of garments you purchase have an uninterrupted effect on the existence of individuals functioning in the countries that manufacture these products. As Giddens says that nowadays we live in a world which is categorized by an "increase of wide-reaching community associations connecting distant certainties in such a manner that domestic events are formed by proceedings happening many miles away and vice versa".

With globalization competition happens among countries having dissimilar principles for employee remuneration, health protection and employment code of practice. Establishments are competent to profit from lesser employment expenses found in emerging countries acknowledgements to free-trade arrangements and global union of employment.

An employee in a high remuneration nation is therefore more and more stressed in the event of competition from employees in low-wage nations. Whole segment of employment in advanced nations has now become an issue to this developing worldwide competition and being without a job has crippled many areas.

The consequence has been a global splitting up of employment in all segments of the economy. Specifically business processing has progressively being given out to lower-cost places which are over and over again bring into being in evolving nations with no minimum remuneration and a small number of environmental friendly guidelines.

Economic evolution and expansion has long been seen to seize the natural resources, technological modernization and human capital. But a growing amount of studies and research recommend that geographical proximity and traditional diversity acts as a habitant’s candidness to diverse beliefs, faiths and sexual orientations that can also help to play a significant role in trade and industry development.

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