with the reading and finding develop a milestone timeline using these five key m

Question

with the reading and finding develop a milestone timeline using these five key management theory and principle milestone over time (scientific management, administrative management, management science, and organizational environment) within using the milestones address each milestone with these following questions why was this milestone significant for the period of time it was created what was going on in the world of work that allowed the environment to know the time was right for this particular milestone? which theorist fathered the principle what were the signs of the time which led the theorist to develop the management concept? what are the highlight and limitations of the theory/ principle?

Explanation / Answer

Management theories express the vision to run a business based on assumptions on the system and people operations. These theories have evolved over time through several adaptations. The scientific management theory was proposed by Fredrick Taylor in the 20th century. The main purpose of scientific management is to improve productivity as industrialization started flourishing in this era. Industrialization is the milestone and many manufacturing companies started their production in this time period. The business followed the scientific management to arrive at standards and measure their performance. This scientific management theory was mechanized and people factors and job satisfaction were not considered. Innovation had limited or no role to play in the scientific management.
Max Weber built on the scientific management to formulate the bureaucratic management theory. In this theory, human resource management was also considered in addition to production. This theory aimed at eliminating the limitations of the scientific management. This bureaucratic management theory places importance on the hierarchies and designates clear roles in streamlining the authority. The challenges posed by bureaucracy formed its big limitation with a concentration of power and control in a centralized manner.
Human relations theories or the administrative management theory was proposed by Henri Fayol, the father of management. This time period marked the beginning of management in an organization. Importance was given to managing employees based on the 14 management principles proposed by Henri Fayol. The principles include discipline, equity, authority, initiative, work division, responsibility, tenure stability, centralization, remuneration, Espirit De Corps, the unity of direction, scalar chain, subordination of individual interests and unity of command. The limitation of this theory was the principles were not fully practically applied in the company management. The principles were generalized and needed to be customized depending on the context and size of the organization.
The behavioural theory of management was proposed by Elton mayo with the main purpose of increasing the productivity of the workers. Hawthorne effect is summarized to employees positively responding to novel changes in the work environment, relocating workstations, clean workstations and better illumination. Employees work hard as they understand their performance is being studied according to this theory. The theory marked the growth of MNC and the organization starting to project human resource as their competitive advantage. The limitation of the theory is that employee behaviour keeps on fluctuating and studies on employee behaviour are qualitative in nature. During this time period, the behaviour-based research studies were minimal and appropriate conclusions on behavioural studies could not be arrived.

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