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P-1. This question is about AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. a) Use

ID: 3869629 • Letter: P

Question

P-1. This question is about AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm.

a) Use ShiftRow() transformation to obtain the next state:

Solution:

Current State                                                            Next State

     4e     3d    6f     ef                                                            

     e4     ff     67    8a                                                         

     5b    c5    cc    aa                                                           

     44    23    78   2a       

b) Give only the topmost row of the state after doing AddRoundKey() transformation:

Current State                                    Round Key                                 Topmost Row

     4e     3d    6f     ef                                 a3     4b     6e    ff                           

     e4     ff     67    8a                                 c3     23     b4    ee

     5b    c5    cc aa                               7e     84     93    ef

     44    23    78   2a                                 55     3e     f5    d7

                 

Explanation / Answer

Hi,
In AES, shift row() is one of the steps where rows are shifted by certain positions(indicated by row number)
hence

row0 4e     3d    6f     ef //shift by 0   4e     3d    6f     ef      

row1 e4     ff     67    8a //shift by 1 ff 67 8a e4

row2 5b    c5    cc    aa //shify by 2 cc aa 5b c5

row3 44    23    78   2a //shift by 3 2a 44 23 78
b. add round key, in this each of the 16 bytes of state is XORed against each of the 16 bits of the round key
for top row we have
4e 3d 6f ef
XOR XOR XOR XOR
a3 4b 6e ff
result: ed 76 01 10/

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